Why?

Let us have some exercises….

What are the
characteristics (attributes,
qualities, traits, elements)
and “trabaho or hanap-
buhay” of :
Men Women
What are the roles and attributes of
men and women?
MEN should be the… WOMEN should be …
 Construction worker  Manicured
 Breadwinner  The one to take care of
children
 Hard-worker
 One to do household chores
(maglalaba, magluluto,
MEN have and/or are… maglilinis ng bahay)
 Mahinhin
 Semen
 High tempered
WOMEN have and/or are.…
 Discipline initiator
 Uterus (nabubuntis)
 The child-bearer
 Breasts (can breastfeed)
 Talkative
Gender
MEN should be the… WOMEN should be …
 Manicured
 Construction worker
 The one to take care of children
 Breadwinner  One to do household chores
 Hard-worker (maglalaba, magluluto, maglilinis ng
bahay)
 Mahinhin
MEN have and/or are…
 High tempered WOMEN have and/or are.…
 Discipline initiator  Talkative

Sex
WOMEN have and/or are.…
MEN have …  Uterus (nabubuntis)
 Semen  The child-bearer
 Breasts (can breastfeed)
SEX and Gender
 SEX GENDE
 Culturally and
 Given at birth Rsocially dictated
– Male or Female
– Masculine or
 Congenital and Feminine
biological
 Variable
 Permanent
– Differ in societies
– Constant even in
– Differ at times
different countries
– Constant even in
different times “What happens
afterwards”
“What you were due to social and cultural
born with” conditioning
Sex…..
….refers to the biological and
physical characteristics of a
person

….man has a penis and the woman

has a vagina and a uterus …..
Gender…..
….variable social and cultural
characterization (definition)
of what men and women are …..
MEN should be the…
 Construction
worker
 Breadwinner
 Hard-worker
MEN have and/or
are…
 High tempered
 Discipline
initiator

WOMEN should be
….
 Manicured
 The one to take
care of children
 One to do
household
chores
(maglalaba,
magluluto,
maglilinis ng
bahay)
 Mahinhin
 Gender-linked characterization
developed into

Institutionalized sexism

Sexism is common and customary prejudiced attitudes and behavior toward

either sex, based on cultural and social stereotypes or myths
Institutionalized Sexism

Social and cultural guidelines for

behavior based on one’s sex.

Restrictive sex-role ideology advocated

by and adhered to by social institutions.
The problem is…..

gender-linked characterization or
“definition” dictates or influences
what the woman or man should do and
what the woman or man
can be….
… it therefore dictates or influences
men’s and women’s development and that
of society’s ……
On the part of the woman...

Sense of
helplessness
Characterized
as “taga alaga
ng bata, taga linis,
taga luto, etc…

Lacks confidence to go
into business, lacks
ability and capacity
to effect change
On the part of men….

Characterized
as “matapang, makisig
short-tempered, etc…”
Expected to be macho,
• Develops
to “act like men”
concepts/
versions of
masculinity
• Considers
actions as
normal and
acceptable
On the part of society, gender-linked

?
characterization leads to the idea that ….

 Men and women have different statuses

– Assumes that men are superior to women and
should be dominant
– Women are subordinate and should be
dependent on men

 Men and women should do different work

– Women’s work is in child-bearing/rearing and
nurturing.
– Men should be the one to earn a living and
support the family
…these gender-linked perceptions of …

Individuals Families Institutions

can…develop…evolve…mature into
gender-biases and issues…
What are gender
issues and
biases?