Unit 4th

Emotion
Expression and control
Theories of emotion
Development of emotions
Types of emotions
Physiological aspects of emotions
Psychological aspects of emotions 
 2

What is Emotion?
 3

The term “Emotion” is derived

from the Latin word “Emotes”
which means “to movere”, “to
move” or “to put in motion”.
 4

In Psychology the word

“Emotion” is used to
describe a state of
excitement in the
 5

Emotion is a state
characterized by
physiological arousal, change
in facial expression, gestures,
postures, and subjective
 6

Emotions are feelings that

involve subjective evaluation,
physiological processes, and
cognitive beliefs.
 7

Emotions are feelings that

generally have both
physiological and cognitive
elements and that influence
behavior.
8
9
 10

Emotions are feelings that

generally have both
physiological and cognitive
elements and that influence
behavior.
“Emotion is an effected state of
the organism” – Tichener
“Emotion is a form of energy
mobilization.”-Carr
 12

The area of the brain known as

the Limbic System is highly involved
in emotion. Its structures include the
hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala,
and hippocampus

 Amygdala, plays a particularly

13
 14

Components of Emotions
1.Subjective experience
2.Physical change
3.Cognitive appraisals.
 15

Subjective Experience
 16
Physiological Change

The physical component of emotion is
a psychological arousal that usually accompanies the 
emotion the body is feeling.
 

People who can detect changes in their arousal level experien
ce their emotions much more intensely than
those who cannot detect the changes in their arousal level
 Physiological component of emotions 17

·  Heart rate
·  Pulse rate
·  Respiration
·  Blood pressure
·  Digestion and appetite
·  Muscular activity
·  Body temperature
·  Perspiration
·  Blood sugar
·  Pupil dilation
 Changes in behavior may include 18

Frustration, increased anger/aggressiveness

Impulsivity or difficulties in self-control
Faulty or poor judgment
Decreased ability to initiate conversation or activity
Repetitive behaviors
Less effective social skills
Changes in sexual behaviors
Impaired self awareness
Emotional effects may include:
Depression
Increased anxiety
Mood swings
Changes in self-esteem.
 19
Characteristics of Emotions

An emotional experience has an affective

relationship to an object or idea.

An emotional experience is accompanied by

organic resonance i.e. certain an organic
change takes place when an individual is in
a state of emotion.
During an emotional experience there 20

is some sort of pleasure-pain

feelings.
Every emotional reaction tends to be
violent and has a good deal of
impulsive force behind it.
During emotional experience the
behaviour is more or less limited
and cannot be varied.
 21

Mc Dougall divided "Emotions" into three types:

1. Primary: Simple emotions as
fear, happiness, anger, disgust etc.
2. Secondary Mixture of various innate
behaviour like curiosity, escape etc.

3. Derived Learn through experiences such 
as sadness etc
 22

J.B.Watson talked about three main emotions:

·  Anger
·  Love
·  Fear
Robert Plutchik (1984)  identified eight fundamental emotions. 23

They are; joy, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, acceptance,
disgust and anticipation. 
Emotions can better be understood by breaking
them into components/ elements
He named it as Plutchik's emotional wheel.

·  The emotions nearer to one another are closely related, while those
 that are opposite to each other are conceptually opposites.
·