IMMUNE MODULLATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS AFTER

HEPATITIS B VACCINATION

TOPICS
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. AIM
3. OBJECTIVES
4. RESEARCH QUESTION
5. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Hepatitis B infection typically affect the liver and highjacks all the essential functions that a liver
does. The liver functions as a digestive, endocrine, storage and also has metabolic activities. People
have come to understand the dangers posed by this infection and have admitted the vaccination
process. Amongst these masses, few persons understand the factors that could constraint the
vaccination process. Due to this ignorance, few persons bother to investigate whether they were
successful with the vaccination process or otherwise.
• But, by literature, there is a required dose series that could provide the right antibody titre of which
a person is said to have been immunized. Other people also had some underlying immune infections
other than the hepatitis which could minimize their antibody production. All these could be factors
which were not considered or not properly considered during the vaccination process.
• Aside the above constraints, some unprofessional individuals have also been moving through the
nation and injecting unlicensed vaccines which could not trigger antibody production against the
virus. All these necessitate the need to research if the antibody production was actually successful
after the vaccination.
 AIM
This research aims at:
• predicting the outcomes of vaccination against hepatitis B virus after
some years of the vaccination process.
• The ability or inability of being protected against the virus with the right
antibody titre after the complete vaccination process.
 OBJECTIVES
• SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To measure HBsAb and IgG-HBcAg
2. To determine the authenticity of vaccine used for immunization
3. To investigate the factors that impair antibody development post-
vaccination
 RESEARCH QUESTION
Almost the whole nation claims to have gone through the vaccination process against
hepatitis B, and hence fully trust that they are immunized. In spite of all the vaccination
process, unlike how other developed countries record a considerably a reducing number of
hepatitis B infections, there seems to be an increasing number of cases in sub Saharan
African specifically Ghana.
• Hence, one may ask:
 Was the vaccination process successful?
 Are people who were vaccinated some years ago still having their antibodies in their
blood?
 Is it necessary to complete all the three-dose series before you are fully immunized?
 What then, are the necessary things to consider in the pre-vaccination process?
 MATERIALS
Materials that will be required in the venepuncture process will include:
 Needles
 Tourniquets
 EDTA or Heparin tubes
 Racks for the tubes
 Cotton or alcohol swaps
 Record sheets
•  
 DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Blood samples will be drawn from our participants following the right
sample taking (venepuncture) protocols. Questionnaires as explained above
will also be designed based on the satisfactory requirement of the ethical
review board
 STUDY DESIGN
The study will be undertaken following a defined
population, specific sites, sample size, a well
planned time frame starting from September 7 to
April 25, 2018

STUDY SITE AND SUBJECT

University of cape coast with the university students

QUESTIONNAIRE
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING A questionnaire will be prepared following ethical protocols.
200 participants will be involved in the study based on an This instrument will contain components such as age ,sex, marital
appropriate criterion of selection. participants must strictly satisfy status, occupation, place of birth and other relevant questions which
requirements such as: will help affirm the yellow card and to also analyse the data obtained
from the laboratory test.
1. having been vaccinated
2.having the yellow card
3. No immune compromised infections

STUDY POPULATION
The study will be done in the university of Cape coast and preferably with the
university students who qualify to take part of the study. the student population will be
a better group to deal with in terms of the records keeping and appropriate information
provisions for the questionnaire. The student population also consist of different
people from all over the country, which can give a reliable reflection on the general
types of hepatitis B vaccines in the nation.