ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Unit-III : Single Phase A.C Circuits

Lecture 01
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Sine Wave

 Alternating Current and Voltages are represented by a “Sine Wave”

 Voltage or Current that fluctuates with time periodically and direction is

called Alternating Voltage or Current
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Advantages of Sine Wave

 Any periodic waveform can be written in terms of Sinusoidal

waveform
 Response of any second order system can be represented in
Sinusoidal Waveform
 Its derivative and Integral are also Sinusoid
 Sinusoid Function is easy to generate and Analyze
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Characteristics of a Sine Wave

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Characteristics of a Sine Wave

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Characteristics of a Sine Wave

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Characteristics of a Sine Wave

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Characteristics of a Sine Wave

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Sine Wave Equation
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Voltage and Current Values of a Sine

Wave
 Instantaneous Value
 Peak Value
 Peak to Peak Value
 Average Value
 RMS value
 Peak Factor
 Form Factor
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Instantaneous Value, Peak Value and Average Value of Sine Wave

V(t)=0

5 ∏
∏ 5 0
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Instantaneous Value, Peak Value and Average Value of Sine Wave

V(t)=0

5 ∏
-5
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Instantaneous Value, Peak Value and Average Value of Sine Wave

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Refer Lecture notes(6/26)

Problems on
Average Value
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RMS value

certain amount of Same amount of

heat is produced heat is produced
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Refer Lecture notes(7/26)

Problems on
RMS Value
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Peak Factor & Form Factor
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Refer Lecture notes(8/26)

Problems on
Form Factor
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Example:
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Phase Relations

Phase Relation in Pure RESISTOR

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Phase Relation in Pure INDUCTOR
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Phase Relation in Pure CAPACITOR
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Phase Relation in A.C circuits
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Multiple Choice Questions

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Multiple Choice Questions

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Answers
1. b
2. a
3. a
4.a
5.a
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True or False Questions

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Answers
1. T
2. T
3. T
4.F
5.T
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Match the Following

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Answer
s
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Refer Lecture notes(11/26)

for
The Concept of
Reactance, Impedance,
Susceptance & Admittance
and
Phase & Phase Difference
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Refer Lecture notes(13/26)

for
The Concept of J-Notation,
Complex and Polar Forms of Representation
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Impedance and Reactance of a Circuit

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Impedance Diagram for R-L Circuit

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Impedance Diagram for R-C Circuit

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Phasor Diagram for Series R-L Circuit

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A Vector Diagram for a Series R-L Circuit

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Phasor Diagram for Series R-C Circuit

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A Vector Diagram for a Series R-C Circuit

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Phasor Diagram for Series R-L-C Circuit

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Impedance for Parallel Circuit

Impedance of Parallel R-L Circuit

 In Parallel R-L circuit, the inductive current is imaginary and lies on

the -j axis
 Current angle is negative for positive impedance angle
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A Vector Diagram for a Parallel R-L Circuit

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Impedance of Parallel R-C Circuit

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A Vector Diagram for a Parallel R-C Circuit

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Instantaneous Power
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Example :
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Average Power

Average value of any function can be calculated by taking the power value
over a particular integral
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Reactive Power
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Apparent Power
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Power Triangle
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Multiple Choice Questions

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Multiple Choice Questions

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Multiple Choice Questions

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True or False Type Questions

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True or False Type Questions

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Refer Lecture notes(11/26)

Problems on
R-L-C in Sreies, Parallel, Compound Circuits
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