MODULE 1

GEAR DRIVES LESSON 1

The involute gear tooth form
Different terms used with gear teeth
Formulae – Module
• 
• m = Module
• PCD = Pitch Circle Diameter
• T = Number of Teeth
PCD

m T
Formulae – Centre Distance between shafts (C)
• 
• Usually will need to do simultaneous equations to solve for T1 and T2
Formulae – Circular Pitch (CP)
• 
• CP = Circular Pitch
• m = Module
CP

𝜋
 
m
Formulae – Addendum (α)
• 
• m = Module
Formulae – Dedendum (d)

𝑑=1,25×𝑚
• 

1,25 m
Formulae – Whole depth of tooth
• 
• α = Addendum
• b = Dedendum
Formulae – Tooth thickness (t)
• 
• CP = Circular Pitch (Refer to earlier formula)
CP

t 2
Formulae – Outside Diameter
• 
• m = module
• T = Number of teeth
Formulae – Velocity ratio of gears (VR)
•• Two
  gears in mesh with no slip –
circumferential velocities are equal

• If T1 is the pinion and T2 is the gear

wheel:

•
 • When two gears are in mesh, they turn in the opposite direction.
• An idler gear has the following effect on the gear train only:

Formulae – Idler Gears

• It causes the driven gear to turn in the same direction as the
driving gear.
• It allows the center distance of the input and output shafts to be
altered.
• IT HAS NO EFFECT ON THE SPEED OF THE DRIVEN GEAR
Formulae – Compound gear trains
•  Two gears are keyed to a common shaft to
obtain large speed ratios.
 EXAMPLE 1 – LET US READ
• The center distance between two geared shafts is exactly 90 mm and the
velocity ratio is 3:2. Assume that the gear train has a module of 4 mm.

WE WILL UTILISE THE “TELEGRAM METHOD” FOR ALL CALCULATIONS

STEPS:
1. WRITE DOWN WHAT IS GIVEN
2. WRITE DOWN WHAT IS ASKED
3. CHOOSE THE SUITABLE FORMULAE
4. SUBSTITUTE AND SOLVE
STEP 1 EXAMPLE 1: GIVEN
••  
C = 90 mm (Center distance between shafts)
• VR = 3:2 (write this as a fraction, )
• m = 4 mm (Module)
STEP 2 EXAMPLE 1 (a): ASKED
•  In (a) You are asked to calculate the number of teeth on each gear

• When calculating number of teeth, you WILL NEED TO USE

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS FROM MATHS.
1. Which two relate VR, C and m with T?
STEP 3 EXAMPLE 1 (a): FORMULAE
•1.  Set up an equation for using VR formula: …1
2. Now ask yourself: Which formula relates number of teeth (T) with
center distance (C) and module (m)?
…2
STEP 4 EXAMPLE 1 (a): SUBSTITUTE AND
SOLVE
EXAMPLE 1 (b) - ASKED
•  Calculate the PCD of EACH gear ()
EXAMPLE 1 (b) STEP 2 - GIVEN
•  From the previous questions:
• C = 90 mm (Center distance between shafts)
• VR = 3:2 (write this as a fraction, )
• m = 4 mm (Module)
• 18 teeth
• 27 teeth
STEP 3 EXAMPLE 1 (b): FORMULAE
• Which formulae relates number of teeth (T) with module (m) to find
PCD?
STEP 4 – EXAMPLE 1 (b): SUB AND
SOLVE
STEP 1 EXAMPLE 1 (c) - ASKED
• Find the outside diameter of the gears (BOTH!)
STEP 2 – EXAMPLE 1 (c) - GIVEN
•  From the previous questions:
• C = 90 mm (Center distance between shafts)
• VR = 3:2 (write this as a fraction, )
• m = 4 mm (Module)
• 18 teeth
• 27 teeth
STEP 3 – EXAMPLE 1 (c) - FORMULAE
• Which formulae relates module (m) with number of teeth (T)?
STEP 4 – EXAMPLE 1 (c) – SUB AND
SOLVE
STEP 1 – EXAMPLE 1 (d) - ASKED
• Find the circular pitch (CP)
• Note that gears are meshed – circular pitches for both gears will be
the same.
• Which formula calculates CP?
STEP 2 – EXAMPLE 1 (d) - GIVEN
•  From the previous questions:
• C = 90 mm (Center distance between shafts)
• VR = 3:2 (write this as a fraction, )
• m = 4 mm (Module)
• 18 teeth
• 27 teeth
• =72 𝑚𝑚
• = 108 mm
STEP 3 AND 4 – EXAMPLE 1 (d)
SELF-EXERCISE: USE “TELEGRAM
METHOD” TO SOLVE THE WHOLE
DEPTH OF THE TOOTH
HOMEWORK
• The center distance between two geared shafts is exactly 120 mm and
the velocity ratio is 4:3. Assume that the gear train has a module of 6
mm.