Chapter:7 Estimating Simple RCC Work

 Plain cement concrete is hardened mass obtained from mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water in definit
proportion.
 Plain cement is good compressive strength but have very little tensile strength, thus limiting its use in construction
work.
 To improve the tensile strength of concrete reinforcement bar are embedded which takes the tensile stresses
developed in structures.
 Reinforcement cement concrete is the composit mixture of cement concrete and steel reinforcement.
 Steel reinforcement (plain bar Fe250 and HYSD bar Fe415/Fe500 ) are used for increasing tensile strength.

Fig: Mild steel bar Fig: Deformed HYSD steel bar

Clear Cover in concrete
 It is rectangular piece of mortar prepared by 1:1 to 1:2 proportion.
 The clear cover is the distance between the exposed concrete surface (without plaster
and other finishes) to the outer face of reinforcing bar.
 The main purpose of cover block is to provide cover to the reinforcement.
 Cover protect steel from corrosion
 It also protect steel from acid and salts attacks.
 It provides adequate embedding to reinforcement bars to facilitate them to be stressed without losing grip.

Development length
It is the minimum length of bar which must be embaded in concrete beyoud any section so that no slippage takes place.
It is denoted by Ld

Reason for providing Development length

 To develop a safe bond between the bar surface & the concrete so that no failure due
to slippage of bar occurs during the ultimate load conditions.
 Responsible for transferring the stresses developed in any section to the adjoining
sections (such as at column beam junction)
Ld=Ф σs/4τbd In tension

Ld=Ф σs/5τbd In compression

Anchorage
 They are provided to get the sufficient development length at the end of the bar
 Generally bars are anchored in the form of hooks and bends.
 Provided in fixed end of the structural member.
Types of bend Anchorage value
45 0
4Ø
90 0
8Ø
135 0
12Ø
190 0
16Ø

900 bend is also called standard bend

1800 bend is also called standard hook

Lapping and Splicing

 Method of joining two bar to get required length.
 Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36mm. (for greater than 36mm bar welding is performed)
 For lapping two different bars, the lap length is decided based on diameter of smaller bar.
 Lapping should be done in staggered manner to prevent form buckling.
 The stirrups shall be placed close at lapping zone.
 Reinforcement Detailing of Beam
 Beam is a structural member subjected to system of forces perpendicular to longitudinal axis
 Beam carries transverse external loads that cause bending moment, shear forces and some cases in torsion moment.
 Detailing of reinforcement in beam provide plays important role in providing strength, durability and cost optimization.
 Reinforcement detail of concrete beam specify clearly about cover to reinforcement, length of reinforcement,curtailment of
reinforcement, number and diameter of reinforcement is tobe provided.
 For a simply supported beam the maximum bending moment occurs at center of beam and maimum shear force occurs at
supports, so main reinforcement are necessary provided at center and shear reinforcement are near at support.
 So,it is not necessary to provide bending reinforcement throught the length of beam and main reinforcement are curtailed at
specified distance.