CE 325: HYDRAULICS

BUOYANCY
AND
STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
 Archimedes Principles

W 𝑾 =𝑩𝑭 =𝜸 𝑽 𝑫
 

 
Free Surface
C.G

B Where:
BF = buoyant force
= unit weight of fluid
= volume displaced
BF
 
 Stability of Floating Bodies

Neutral/Upright Position

Free Surface G
Bo

BF
 Stability of Floating Bodies
M=Metacenter
MG=Metacentric Height
M is above G
RM
Stable Position
M  RM

Wedge of emersion
W
Wedge of immersion
Free Surface G
Bo Bo’

BF
 Stability of Floating Bodies

Free Surface
 Stability of Floating Bodies

OM
M is below G W
Unstable Position

G  O

M
Free Surface

Bo Bo’

BF
 Stability of Floating Bodies
Neutral/Upright Position Stable Position Unstable Position
W
W W M
G

G M
G

Bo Bo Bo’ Bo Bo’

BF BF BF
 RM  OM

𝑴𝑮=𝑴
  𝑩 𝒐 − 𝑮 𝑩𝒐 𝑴𝑮=𝑮
  𝑩 𝒐 − 𝑴 𝑩𝒐
For the rectangular section: For any section:
 
𝑩 2
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 2   𝑰
𝑴𝑩 𝒐=
12 𝑫
1+
2 ( ) 𝑴𝑩 𝒐=
𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
 Stability of Floating Bodies
For the rectangular section: For any section:
 
𝑩
2
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
2   𝑰
𝑴𝑩 𝒐=
12 𝑫
1+
2 ( ) 𝑴𝑩 𝒐=
𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.

𝑴 

𝑾
 

𝑮 
14
 
𝟑  .𝟐
𝟐 .𝟕 𝑩  𝒐
   
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒
 
𝑩𝑭
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
𝟗  . 𝟓 𝒎
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟏  . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 , 𝑴𝑮
𝑴 
  𝑰   𝑰
𝑴𝑩 𝒐= ¿
𝑾
  𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝑮  𝑰 =𝑏 h 3 /12
 

𝟑  .𝟐
𝟐 .𝟕 𝑩  𝒐
   
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒
 
𝑩𝑭
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟏  . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 , 𝑴𝑮

  𝑰   𝑰
𝑴𝑩 𝒐= ¿
𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝑰 =𝑏 h 3 /12
 
14
 

𝟗  . 𝟓 𝒎
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟏  . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 , 𝑴𝑮
𝑴 
  𝑰   𝑰
𝑴𝑩 𝒐= ¿
𝑾
  𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝑮 
  𝑰 =𝑏 h 3 /12¿(14)(
  9.5)3 / 12
𝟑  .𝟐 𝑽  𝑫=¿(2.4)(9.5)(14)
 
𝟐 .𝟕 𝑩  𝒐
   
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒
 
𝑩𝑭
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟏  . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 , 𝑴𝑮
𝑴 
  𝑰   𝑰   (14 )( 9.5) /12  
3
𝑴𝑩 𝒐= ¿ ¿ 𝟑 .𝟏𝟑𝟒 𝒎
 
𝑾
  𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 𝜽 𝑽 𝑫 ¿ (2.4)(9.5)(14)  

𝑮 
  𝑰 =𝑏 h 3 /12¿(14)(
  9.5)3 / 12
𝟑  .𝟐 𝑽  𝑫=¿(2.4)(9.5)(14)
 
𝟐 .𝟕 𝑩  𝒐
   
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒
 
𝑩𝑭
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟏  . 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 , 𝑴𝑮
𝑴 
  𝑰   𝑰   (14 )( 9.5) /12  
3
𝑴𝑩 𝒐= ¿ ¿ 𝟑 .𝟏𝟑𝟒 𝒎
 
𝑾
  𝑽 𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝑽 𝑫 ¿ (2.4)(9.5)(14)  

𝑮 
𝑮
  𝑩 𝒐=¿ 2.7
  −1.2=¿  𝟏 .𝟓 𝒎
𝟑  .𝟐
𝟐 .𝟕
  𝑩  𝒐
 
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒  𝑴𝑮=𝑴 𝑩 𝒐 − 𝑮 𝑩𝒐
 
𝑩𝑭
  𝑴𝑮=𝟑 .𝟏𝟑𝟒 −𝟏 .𝟓
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
 
𝑴𝑮=𝟏 .𝟔𝟑𝟒 𝒎→ 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟐
  . 𝑹𝑴 𝒐𝒓 𝑶𝑴  RM o
𝑴    𝑾=𝑩𝑭
¿ 𝜸  ¿(9.81)(2.4
  𝑽 𝒅 × 9.5 × 14)
¿  𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝒏
𝑾
 

𝑮 
𝟑  .𝟐
𝟐 .𝟕 𝑩  𝒐
   
𝟏 .𝟐
𝟐.𝟒
 
𝑩𝑭
 
𝟗  . 𝟓
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟐
  . 𝑹𝑴 𝒐𝒓 𝑶𝑴
𝑴   RM o
𝑾=𝑩𝑭
   ¿ 𝜸  𝑽
¿(9.81)(2.4
𝒅 × 9.5 × 14)
¿  𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝒏
𝟑  . 𝟐 𝑾
 
 𝟐 . 𝟕
𝑮 
𝜃 
𝑩  𝒐
𝑩  𝒐 ′

𝟗  . 𝟓 𝑩𝑭
  𝟏. 𝟐.
   
𝟐 𝟒
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟐
  . 𝑹𝑴 𝒐𝒓 𝑶𝑴
𝑴   RM o
𝑾=𝑩𝑭
   ¿ 𝜸  𝑽
¿(9.81)(2.4
𝒅 × 9.5 × 14)
¿  𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝒏
𝟑  . 𝟐 𝑾
  𝟒  .𝟕𝟓
  −𝟏 𝟎 . 𝟖𝟎
 𝟐.
𝟕 𝜃  𝜽=𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟒 . 𝟕𝟓
𝑮 
𝜃  𝟎  . 𝟖  𝜽 =𝟗 . 𝟓𝟔 °
𝑩  𝒐
𝑩  𝒐 ′

𝟗  . 𝟓 𝑩𝑭
  𝟏. 𝟐.
   
𝟐 𝟒
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟐
  . 𝑹𝑴 𝒐𝒓 𝑶𝑴
𝑴   RM o
𝑾=𝑩𝑭
   ¿ 𝜸  𝑽
¿(9.81)(2.4
𝒅 × 9.5 × 14)
¿  𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝒏
𝟑  . 𝟐 𝑾
    −𝟏 𝟎 . 𝟖𝟎
𝜽=𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟒 . 𝟕𝟓 ,  𝜽=𝟗 .𝟓𝟔 °  𝑴𝑮=𝑴 𝑩 𝒐 − 𝑮 𝑩𝒐
 𝟐 . 𝟕
𝑮  𝑮
  𝑩 𝒐=2.7 − 1.2=𝟏 . 𝟓𝐦
𝜃 
𝑩  𝒐 2 2
𝑩2 𝐭𝐚𝐧 2 𝜽   𝟗 .𝟓 𝐭𝐚𝐧 9.56 °

𝑩𝑭
𝑩  𝒐 ′

𝟐.
 
𝑴𝑩 𝒐=
12 𝑫
1+ (2
¿ )
12(𝟐 . 𝟒)
1+ ( 2 )¿  𝟑 .𝟏𝟕𝟖 𝒎
𝟗  . 𝟓    
𝟏.
 
𝟐 𝟒
 𝑴𝑮=𝑴 𝑩 𝒐 − 𝑮 𝑩𝒐 =𝟑 .𝟏𝟕𝟖 − 𝟏. 𝟓
 𝑴𝑮=𝟏 .𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝒎
Example Problem:
A rectangular scow 9.5 m wide, 14 m long and 3.2 m high has a draft in water of 2.4 m. It’s center of
gravity is 2.7 m above the bottom of the scow. Determine the following:
1. The initial metacentric height.
2. The righting or overturning moment when the scow tilts until one side is just at the point of
submergence.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
  : 𝟐
  . 𝑹𝑴 𝒐𝒓 𝑶𝑴
𝑴   RM o

𝑾
  =𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝒏  𝑴𝑮=𝟏 .𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝒎
𝟑  . 𝟐 𝑾
 
 𝟐 . 𝟕 ,  𝜽=𝟗 .𝟓𝟔 °
𝑮 
𝜃   RM
𝑩  𝒐
𝑩  𝒐 ′ RM
 

𝟗  . 𝟓 𝑩𝑭
  𝟏. 𝟐. RM
 
   
𝟐 𝟒
•THE END