Mechanics of Solids-I

Area Method for Drawing SFD & BMD

 Introduction
• Useful relationships between the loading, shear force, and

bending moment can be derived from the equilibrium equations.

• These relationships enable us to plot the shear force diagram

directly from the load diagram, and then construct the bending

moment diagram from the shear force diagram.

• This technique, called the area method, allows us to draw the

shear force and bending moment diagrams without having to

derive the equations for V and M.

 Introduction

• Points to Remember

• Thus, the rate of change of the bending moment with

respect to x is equal to the shearing force, or the slope of

the moment diagram at the given point is the shear at that

point.

  𝑑𝑀
=𝑉
𝑑𝑥
 Introduction

• Points to Remember

• The rate of change of the shearing force with respect to x

is equal to the load or the slope of the shear diagram at a

given point equals the load at that point

  𝑑𝑉
=𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑑𝑥
 Properties of Shear and Moment Diagrams

• The area of the shear diagram to the left or to the right of

the section is equal to the moment at that section.

• The slope of the moment diagram at a given point is the

shear at that point

• The slope of the shear diagram at a given point equals

the load at that point

• The maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shears.

Geometric Properties of Area
Geometric Properties of Area
Geometric Properties of Area
Geometric Properties of Area
Pb#01: Draw the SFD and BMD for the following beam.

  1000 𝑁

  𝐴   𝐵   𝐶
  10 𝑚

  𝑅𝐴   𝑅𝐶
 1000
  𝑁

𝐴  𝐵  𝐶 
Σ
  𝐹 𝑦 =0
10
  𝑚

𝑅  𝐶  𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶 − 1000=0 (1)
𝑅  𝐴
Σ
  𝑀 𝐴 =0

(  1000 × 5 ) − 𝑅 𝐶 × 10=0

 𝑅 = 1000× 5 =500 𝑁
𝐶
10

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(1)
 

 𝑅 𝐴 +500 −1000=0

𝑅
  𝐴 =500 𝑁
 1000
  𝑁

𝐴  𝐵  𝐶 
10
  𝑚

500
  500
 
𝑀
  𝐴 =0
500
  500
 
𝑀
  𝐵 = 𝑀 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴∧ 𝐵
+
𝑆𝐹𝐷
  𝑀
  𝐵 =0+ ( 500 × 5 ) =2500
-
−500
  −500
  𝑀
  𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐵∧𝐶

2500
  𝑀
  𝐶 = 2500+ ( − 500 × 5 ) =0

𝐵𝑀𝐷
 
Pb#02: Draw the SFD and BMD for the following beam.

50
  𝐾𝑁 /𝑚

  𝐴   𝐵
10
  𝑚

  𝑅𝐴   𝑅𝐵
 50
  𝑘𝑁 /𝑚
Σ
  𝐹 𝑦 =0
𝐴  𝐵 
10
  𝑚  𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅 𝐵 − 50(10)=0

𝑅  𝐴 𝑅  𝐵  𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅 𝐵 − 500= 0 (1 )

Σ
  𝑀 𝐴 =0

  10
( 50 ×10 ) ( )
2
− 𝑅 𝐵 × 10=0

 𝑅 = 50 ×10 ×5 = 250 𝑘𝑁
𝐵
10

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(1)
 

 𝑅 𝐴 +250 −500=0
𝑅
  𝐴 =250 𝑘𝑁
 50
  𝑘𝑁 /𝑚

𝐴  𝐵 
10
  𝑚

250
  250
 

250
 
𝑀
  𝐴 =0
+ 𝐶  10
  −5=5′
𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑀
 
  250 =5 ′
𝑥= -   𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴∧𝐶
50
−250  𝑀 =0+ 1 ( 250 ×5 ) = 625
  𝐶
2 ( )
625
 
𝑀
  𝐵 = 𝑀 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶 ∧ 𝐵
+
 𝑀 =625+ 1 (− 250 ×5 ) =0
𝐵
2 ( )
𝐵𝑀𝐷
 
Pb#03: Draw the SFD and BMD for the following beam.

6  0 𝑘𝑁 3  0 𝑘𝑁

𝐴  𝐵  𝐶  𝐷 

2  𝑚 4  𝑚 1  𝑚
𝑅  𝐴 𝑅  𝐶
 6  0 𝑘𝑁 3  0 𝑘𝑁 Σ
  𝐹 𝑦 =0

𝐴  𝐵  𝐶  𝐷   𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶 −6 0− 30= 0

2  𝑚 4  𝑚 1  𝑚
 𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅 𝐶 − 90=0 (1)
𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐶
    Σ
  𝑀 𝐴 =0

( 6 0 ×2 ) −( 𝑅¿¿ 𝐶 × 6)+(30 ×7)=0 ¿

120
  −6 𝑅𝐶 + 210=0

330
  −6 𝑅𝐶 =0

  = 330
𝑅 𝐶 =55 𝑘𝑁
6
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(1)
 

 𝑅 𝐴 +55 − 90=0

 𝑅 𝐴 = 35 𝑘𝑁
 6  0 𝑘𝑁 3  0 𝑘𝑁

𝐴  𝐵  𝐶  𝐷 

2  𝑚 4  𝑚 1  𝑚
𝑀
  𝐴 =0
35
  55
 
𝑀
  𝐵 = 𝑀 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴∧ 𝐵
35 35
 
 
+ 30
  30
 
+ 𝑀
  𝐵 =0+(35× 2)=70
𝑆𝐹𝐷
 
- 𝑀
−25
  −25
    𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐵∧𝐶

𝑀
  𝐶 =70+ (− 25 ×4 )= −30
70
 
𝑀
  𝐷 =𝑀 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶∧ 𝐷
+

𝐵𝑀
  𝐷 ` 𝑀
  𝐶 =− 30+(30 × 1)=0
-
`
−30
 
Pb#04: Draw the SFD and BMD for the following beam.

5  𝑘𝑁 /𝑚 𝑀 𝑀
  =60 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚   𝐷
𝐶 
𝐷 
 𝐴 𝐵 

2  𝑚 2  𝑚 1  𝑚

𝑅  𝐷
 5  𝑘𝑁 /𝑚 𝑀𝐷
𝑀
  =60 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚   Σ
  𝐹 𝑦 =0
𝐶 
𝐷 
 𝐴 𝐵   𝑅 𝐷 − ( 5 × 2 ) =0

2  𝑚 2  𝑚 1  𝑚  𝑅 𝐷 =10

𝑅𝐷
   Σ 𝑀 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 ( 𝐷 ) )=0

  2
(
− 5× 2× ( 2 ))
+3 +60+ 𝑀 𝐷 =0

−
  40+60+ 𝑀 𝐷 =0

 𝑀 𝐷 + 20=0

 𝑀 𝐷 =− 20𝐶𝐶𝑊
 5 𝑘𝑁 / 𝑚 𝑀 = 60 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚 20
     
𝐶
  𝐷
𝐴 𝐵  
   
2𝑚 2𝑚 1𝑚
     
10 𝑀
  𝐴 =0
 

𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑀
  𝐵 = 𝑀 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴∧ 𝐵
 
- - -   =0+ − 1 ( 10 ×2 ) =−10
−10 −10 −10
𝑀 𝐵
2( )
     
𝑀
  𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐵∧𝐶
30
  𝑀
  𝐶 =− 10+ ( −10 × 2 ) =− 30
20
 
+ 𝑀
  𝐶 =− 30+60=30
𝐵𝑀𝐷
  - - 𝑀
  𝐷 =𝑀 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐶∧ 𝐷
−10
 
𝑀
  𝐶 =30+(− 10 × 1)=20
−30
 
Pb#05: Draw the SFD and BMD for the following beam.
800
  𝑙𝑏

100
  𝑙𝑏 / 𝑓𝑡 𝐵
  𝐶 
 𝐴

9′  3′ 
 𝑅 𝐴  𝑅 𝐵
 800
  𝑙𝑏
Σ
  𝐹 𝑦 =0
100
  𝑙𝑏 / 𝑓𝑡 𝐵 𝐶 
 𝐴  
 𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶 − 80 0 − (100 × 12)=0

 𝑅 𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶 − 2000 =0 (1)
9′  3′  Σ
  𝑀 𝐴 =0
 𝑅 𝐴 𝑅  𝐶   12
(
( 80 0 ×9 )+ 100 ×12×
2 )+ 𝑅 𝐶 × 12=0

7200+7200
  −12 𝑅 𝐶 =0

14400
  −12 𝑅 𝐶 = 0

 𝑅 = 14400 =1200 𝑙𝑏
𝐶
12
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(1)
 

 𝑅 𝐴 +1200 − 2000=0

 𝑅 𝐴 = 800𝑙𝑏
 800 𝑙𝑏
 
 𝐴 100 𝑙𝑏 / 𝑓𝑡
  𝐵
  𝐶 
𝑀
  𝐴 =0

9′
  3′
  𝑀
  𝐷 =𝑀 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴∧𝐸
800
  1200
 
 𝑀 =0+ 1 ( 800 ×8 ) =3200
800
  𝐷
2 ( )
+ D 1′  𝑀
  𝐵 =𝑀 𝐷 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐷 ∧𝐵
𝑆𝐹𝐷
  -
800
 
𝑥= =8 ′
10 0 −100   =3200+ − 1 ( 100× 1 ) =3150
 
−900
 
- 𝑀 𝐵
2 ( )
−1200
  𝑀
  𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝐹𝐷 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐵∧𝐶
3  200
3  150
  =3150+ − 900+1200

+ +
𝑀 𝐶
( ( 2 ) )
× 3 =0
+

𝐵𝑀
  𝐷