POWER

• When calculating work done (Force x distance), no mention is

made of the time taken to do the work.
• As soon as we have to consider time we are no longer dealing with
work done (J) only, but with work done in a certain time (J per
second, J per minute or J per hour).
• The amount of work done in one second will be a measure of the
power developed.

power is the rate at which work is done

  𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞
thus 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 =
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧

  = Force x Velocity
 POWER - unit

A machine or engine which is capable of doing 1 J of work in one

second is said to develop 1 Watt or 1 W of power.

1 W = 1 J/s
1 kW = 1000 J/s
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A tractive resistance of a lorry, weight 10 kN, is 50 N per kN.
Determine:
A. The power necessary to keep the lorry moving at 54 km/h along a
level road;
B. The additional power necessary to move the lorry at the same
speed up an incline of 1 in 100.
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A tractive resistance of a lorry, weight 10 kN, is 50 N per kN. Determine:
A. The power necessary to keep the lorry moving at 54 km/h along a level road;
B. The additional power necessary to move the lorry at the same speed up an incline of 1 in
100.

Solution (Case – A) Velocity

  54 km/h = = 15 m/s
15 m/s
T P
Tractive resistance, T
(10 x 50) = 500 N
Therefore, P = 500 N
Work done/sec = Applied force x distance moved/sec
= 500 N x 15 m/s
= 7500 J/s
= 7500 W
Power = 7.5 kW
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A tractive resistance of a lorry, weight 10 kN, is 50 N per kN. Determine:
A. The power necessary to keep the lorry moving at 54 km/h along a level road;
B. The additional power necessary to move the lorry at the same speed up an incline of 1 in
100.
 P = W sinθ + T
Solution (Case B)
= (10 x 103 x ) + 500
sinθ
W
= (100 + 500) N = 600 N
1 in 100
  Velocity
54 km/h = = 15 m/s

Power = 600 N x 15 m/s

= 9 kW
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A tractive resistance of a lorry, weight 10 kN, is 50 N per kN. Determine:
A. The power necessary to keep the lorry moving at 54 km/h along a level road;
B. The additional power necessary to move the lorry at the same speed up an incline of 1 in
100.
 P = W sinθ + T
Solution (Case B)
= (10 x 103 x ) + 500
sinθ
W
= (100 + 500) N = 600 N
1 in 100

Power = 600 N x 15 m/s

= 9000 J/s
= 9 kW
Additional power = (9-7.5) = 1.5 kW
 WORKED EXAMPLES
The engine of a truck of mass 90 tons pulls a loaded trailer of mass 6
tons up an incline of 1 in 60 for a distance of 900 m until it reaches a
level horizontal road surface. It then drives along the level road for 2
km. The tractive resistance of truck is 150 N/ton and the trailer 60
N/ton.
A. Find the work done on the inclined surface and on the level surface.
B. The power output of the engine when it travels up the inclined
surface at a speed of 54 km/h.
C. The power output of the engine when it travels along up the LEVEL
surface at a speed of 54 km/h.
WORKED EXAMPLES
WORKED EXAMPLES

TRACTIVE RESISTANCE
TR =(150×90)+(60x6) = 13860 N
 WORKED EXAMPLES

TRACTIVE RESISTANCE
TR =(150×90)+(60x6) = 13860 N

Solution (Case A)
Work done on an incline
= (mg SinƟ+ TR).(900)

=28660,5 kJ
WORK DONE ON A LEVEL SURFACE

= (TR)(2000)
= (13860)(2000)
= 27720kJ

Solution (Case B)   54 15

 b)Power on incline = F x velocity (V)

= (mg SinƟ + TR) x V
= (17.99+ 13.86)() x 15
= 477.75 Kw
Solution (Case C)
C)Power on level = (TR) x V= (13860)(15)
= 207.9 kW
 WORKED EXAMPLES
 Thepull force of a 300 ton train is 28 kN. If the tractive resistance of
the train is 45N per ton, what is the steepest slope the train can
ascent?
 WORKED EXAMPLES
 Thepull force of a 300 ton train is 28 kN. If the tractive resistance of
the train is 45N per ton, what is the steepest slope the train can
ascent?
 
P = W sinƟ + TR
28000 = [(300×1000×9.81) ]
+(300×45)
X = 203

Slope 1 in 203
 
tanƟ = Ɵ= 0.2822°
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A 700 mm diameter drum rotates at 30 r/min and lifts a mass of 1360
kg by means of a rope wrapped round the drum. Calculate:
A. The torque in N.m 30 rpm
B. Speed of lift in m/s m
m
C. Work done per second. 0
70
Ø
D. Power required.

Solution
1360 kg
A. The torque in N.m
Torque = force x radius
= (1360 x 9.81)N x 0,35 m
= 4669,56N.m, say approx. ~ 4,67 kN.m
 WORKED EXAMPLES
A 700 mm diameter drum rotates at 30 r/min and lifts a mass of 1360
kg by means of a rope wrapped round the drum. Calculate:
A. The torque in N.m 30 rpm
B. Speed of lift in m/s m
m
C. Work done per second. 0
70
Ø
D. Power required.

Solution
1360 kg
 C. Work done/sec
=
= , say 14,7 kJ/s

D. Power = 14,7 kW