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Chemical Composition of The Cell 2
Chemical Composition of The Cell 2
Examples
Contain carbon and
hydrogen
Do not contain carbon
and hydrogen
Formation of bones and teeth. / _________________ of Induces the formation of flowers and _______________. /
Phosphorus (P)
muscles / synthesis _____________________ Promotes cell division. / Synthesis of ATP and nucleic acids.
Regulates _______________ pressure in the cells. / Helps in
Sodium (Na) the transmission of ___________________________.
Not Required.
Involved in protein synthesis. / Act as a _________________ Required for the synthesis of _________________________. /
Magnesium (Mg)
for some enzyme. Activates enzymes in the cells.
Required for the formation of strong bones and teeth. / Synthesis of cell walls (________________________). /
Contraction of muscles cells / Promote blood clotting. Maintain the semi-permeability of plasma membrane.
Synthesis of _________________ blood cells / Respiratory Synthesis of _______________________. / Act as an electron
Iron (Fe) enzymes. carrier during photosynthesis and respiration.
Required in muscle contractions and transmission of nerve
Synthesis of carbohydrates. / Activates certain enzymes.
impulses.
Synthesis HCl by gastric glands in the stomach which destroys _______________________ of water during light reaction in
Chlorine (Cl) pathogens and maintains ______________ of the stomach. photosynthesis.
________ %
of our body
Water Structure A polar molecules consists
of two _____________
atom dan one
in
nt
e se _____________ atom.
Pr
__________________ Medium
Maintain ___________________
-in the blood, lymphatic,
excretory & digestive system
(transport sugar O2, CO2)
Complex
macromolecules 2 types
i ts
which store _______
un
_________________
sic
in the form of code.
Ba
structure structure
• ____________ - stranded
• A __________-stranded nucleic
nucleic acid.
acid, with the two strands of
Draw the structure polynucleotides twisted around • Found in the cytoplasm,
each other to form a ribosomes and nucleus.
_________________________
• Found in nucleus of a cell.
function function
• Genetic material that • _________________________
organisms ____________ from carries DNA’s genetic code into
their parents. the cytoplasm and directs the
synthesis of proteins.
• Store information regarding its
own replication and the order in
which amino acids are linked to
make a protein.
Elements
Protein Main
function
monomer St
ru
ctu
re
2 types
2X
• Linear sequence of amino acids
in a polypeptide chain
Equation
• Amino acids that cannot • Amino acids that
be synthesised by the can be synthesised • Polypeptide chain that is coiled
body. by the body. to form alpha-helix or folded into
• Can only be obtained beta-pleated.
from a healthy diet.
3 types
Genaral Equation
Elements
Lipids Main
function
5 main types
Fats Oils
structure
Long chain
_________ at ___________ at
room temperature room temperature
molecules / water Main component of
proof. plasma membrane
plant
animal
Male sex hormone.
• ____________ that is
Fatty acids excreted from oil
glands in the skin
contains wax that
soften the skin. Female sex hormones.
The Differences between saturated fats and unsaturated fats
The presence of
double bonds
between carbon
atoms in fatty acids
Condition at room
temperature
Cholesterol level
Examples
Answers
Substance composed of only one kind of atom which cannot be broken down
Element into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Compound Substance which consists of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Examples
Carbohydrates, proteins,
Organic compounds Contain carbon lipids, nucleic acids
Formation of bones and teeth. / Contraction of muscles / Induces the formation of flowers and seeds. / Promotes cell
P synthesis ATP division. / Synthesis of ATP and nucleic acids.
Regulates osmotic pressure in the cells. / Helps in the
Na transmission of nerve impulses.
Not Required
Involved in protein synthesis. / Act as a cofactor for some Required for the synthesis of chlorophyll. / Activates enzymes
Mg enzyme. in the cells.
Required for the formation of strong bones and teeth. / Synthesis of cell walls (Cellulose). / Maintain the semi-
Ca Contraction of muscles cells / Promote blood clotting. permeability of plasma membrane.
Synthesis of chlorophyll. / Act as an electron carrier during
Fe Synthesis of red blood cells / Respiratory enzymes.
photosynthesis and respiration.
Required in muscle contractions and transmission of nerve
K impulses.
Synthesis of carbohydrates. / Activates certain enzymes.
Transport Medium
Maintain body temperature
-in the blood, lymphatic,
excretory & digestive system
(transport sugar O2, CO2)
i ts
store genetic
un
information in the form
sic
of code.
Ba RNA
DNA
nucleotides structure structure
• Single-stranded nucleic acid.
• A double-stranded nucleic acid,
structure with the two strands of • Found in the cytoplasm,
polynucleotides twisted around ribosomes and its nucleus.
each other to form a double
helix.
• Found in nucleus of a cell.
function function
• Genetic material that • Messenger RNA carries DNA’s
organisms inherit from their genetic code into the cytoplasm
parents. and directs the synthesis of
proteins.
• Store information regarding its
own replication and the order in
which amino acids are linked to
make a protein.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
Elements Main Build new cells for growth
nitrogen. Most proteins also
contain sulphur and Protein function and renew damaged tissues
phosphorus.
and store energy.
St
ru
ctu
re
Amino acids
2 types
2X
formula
Elements Main Source of energy
Carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. Lipids function and energy
storage.
5 main types
animal Testosterone
• Cannot form any chemical bonds with • Able to react with additional
other atoms or react with additional Ability to react with hydrogen atoms. (with one double
hydrogen atoms. an additional bond are called monounsaturated
hydrogen atom fats)
• Solid Condition at room • Liquid
temperature
• Contain more cholesterol. Cholesterol level • Contain less cholesterol
• Animal fats like butter • Vegetable oils like corn oil and palm
Examples
oil.