Manufactured

substances
in industry
NAME : IRDINA BT AZHAR
CLASS : 401
TEACHER’S NAME : PN. NORLIZA
01 Alloy and its importance
An alloy A mixture of 2 or
more elements , the
main element is metal

• To improve the appearance of pure

metal (shiny)
• To increase the strength and hardness
of pure metal
• To increase the resistance to corrosion
of pure metal

• The orderly arrangement of atoms in a pure

metal is disrupted
• Makes it difficult for the layers of atoms in an
alloy to slide over each other when force is
applied
 alloy
duralumin Stainless steel
Used to make
the body of Used to make
aeroplane bronze steel cutlery

Used to make Used to make

medals the body of a
car
 02 Composition of glass and its uses
Silica is heated with other chemicals Various types of glass with different
properties are obtained

Hard but Chemically inert

brittle
BASIC
PROPERTIES
OF GLASS
Electrical waterproof
insulator
 Types of glass

Fused silica Soda-lime Borosilicate Lead crystal glass

glass glass glass
• Has a low melting • Don’t crack easily • Softer and
• Has a high denser
point when subjected to
melting point thermal stress • Heavy
• Easily moulded
• Does not • Low expansion • Has a high
• Cannot withstand
expand nor coefficient refractive index
high temperature
contract much • Used in many • Suitable to be
• Can easily crack
when there is a laboratory used in making
when subjected to
large change in glassware prisms
sudden
temperature
temperature
change
03 composition of ceramic & its uses
ceramic Solid made up of inorganic &
non-metallic substances

Break easily
Heat
insulator
PROPERTIES High thermal
Hard and strong
resistant

Electrical Chemically
insulator inert
 Types of ceramics

Traditional Advanced
ceramics ceramics
• Made from inorganic
• Made from clay compounds
• Clay is mixed with • Have higher resistance
water to produce a soft to heat & abrasion,
, mouldable mixture more chemically inert &
• Heated at a very high have superconductivity
temperature properties
• Used to make bricks,
pottery and crockery
04 composite materials & its importance
Material made from
combining 2 or more
non-homogeneous Strengthening
substance
substances
Matrix substance

Reinforced concrete Produced when steel bars/wire mesh is immersed in

concrete

Widely used in the construction

of bridges, dams & buildings
 • Plastic is strengthened with glass fibres
Fibre glass
• Used to make : o Helmet
o Car bumper
o Printed circuit boards

Optical fibre 3 layers :

Core : silica glass fibres

Cladding : glass/plastic
• Used to transmit information & dta in the form of light
Protective jacket : plastic
• Can carry large capacity of data and not be influenced by
electromagnetic disturbances

• Replace copper wires in video cameras & connect computer

in LAN
 • Glass is combined with AgCl and CuCl
Photochromic glass
• When exposed to sunlight, photochromic glass darkens

• Protects the user from UV rays

• e.g : yttrium barium copper oxide, YBCO ceramic

Superconductors
• Used to make electromagnets, that are superconductor
magnets/supermagnets

Superconductor magnets : • Light & have strong magnetic force

• Used in particle accelerators and

involved in NMR machines & MRI
machines