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  • Specialised Cells: Multicellular

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    Dilini Wijesingh
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    Plants and animals are made of many specialized cell types. Each cell type has a distinct shape and features that allow it to perform a specific function. For example, ciliated cells in the lungs have tiny hairs called cilia that sweep mucus and trapped particles up the throat. Nerve cells are long and branched to carry electrical signals between parts of the body. Sperm cells have a tail that allows them to swim and fertilize egg cells found in ovaries. Palisade cells in leaves are packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

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    Plants and animals are made of many specialized cell types. Each cell type has a distinct shape and features that allow it to perform a specific function. For example, ciliated cells in the lungs have tiny hairs called cilia that sweep mucus and trapped particles up the throat. Nerve cells are long and branched to carry electrical signals between parts of the body. Sperm cells have a tail that allows them to swim and fertilize egg cells found in ovaries. Palisade cells in leaves are packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

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    12 views11 pages

    Specialised Cells: Multicellular

    Uploaded by

    Dilini Wijesingh
    Plants and animals are made of many specialized cell types. Each cell type has a distinct shape and features that allow it to perform a specific function. For example, ciliated cells in the lungs have tiny hairs called cilia that sweep mucus and trapped particles up the throat. Nerve cells are long and branched to carry electrical signals between parts of the body. Sperm cells have a tail that allows them to swim and fertilize egg cells found in ovaries. Palisade cells in leaves are packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    Specialised Cells

    • Plants and animals are multicellular (consist


    of many cells).
    • They contain many different types of cells.
    • Each type of cell is designed to carry out a
    particular job or function.
    • This is known as CELL SPECIALISM
    • Not all cells look the same.
    • Some cells have a special shape and
    features to help them do a certain job.
    Ciliated Cell
    • Designed to stop Lung
    Nucleus Damage

    • They line all the air


    passages in the lungs.

    • They have tiny hairs called


    cilia.

    cilia
    • Hairs sweep mucus with
    trapped dust and bacteria
    back up the throat.
    Root Hair Cell
    • Designed for •Thin cell wall
    Vacuole
    absorbing. makes it easy
    for minerals to
    pass through.

    thin cell wall

    •Has a large
    surface which Cell membrane
    helps it to
    absorb water •Found in a plant root.
    and minerals.
    White Blood Cell

    Part of the germ-fighting immune system.


    They fight germs.
    Some white cells can produce antibodies.
    Red Blood Cell

    •Designed to carry oxygen


    •Large surface area(Biconcave shape), for oxygen to pass through.
    •Flexible to go though small capillaries.
    •Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen.
    •Has no nucleus
    •Thin outer membrane allows oxygen to diffuse through easily.
    Sperm cell
    •Designed to Head contains enzymes & nucleus
    Fertilise eggs. •Found in the Testes

    Tail
    •A sperm is small and has
    a long tail that provides • The head contains
    movement so it can swim enzymes which allow it to
    and find an egg cell. digest into an egg cell
    and join with it.
    Egg (Ovum) Cell
    • Designed to be Fertilised.

    Cytoplasm containing yolk • Found in the Ovaries.

    • An egg cell is large and bulky.

    • Contains yolk which provides a large food store for the new cell being formed.

    Layer of jelly
    Nucleus
    Palisade Cell
    • Designed for Photosynthesis

    • Found in the top of a leaf


    Nucleus
    • Tall and has a large surface
    area to absorb water and
    minerals.

    • Packed with chloroplasts to


    help make plant food.

    • Regular shaped, closely


    packed cells forming a
    continuous layer for efficient Chloroplasts
    absorption of sunlight.
    Nerve Cell (neurone)

    Nucleus

    •They are long the tail is called the axon.


    •They have connections at each end
    •Can carry electrical signals
    •Their job is to carry nerve impulses to different
    parts of the body.
    Pollen Cell

    •Tiny grain with half the genetic information


    •Have a hard protective outer coat to survive bad conditions
    • Shape and surface of outer coat is adapted to method of
    dispersal
    Questions
    1. Why are nerve cells so long?
    2. Where are egg cells found?
    3. What is palisade cell specialised to do?
    4. Why does a root hair cell have a thin wall?
    5. The hairs in a ciliated cell are known as?
    6. What is a sperm cell designed to do?
    7. How are red blood cells different from other
    cells?

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