LECTURE #2

LIPIDS

Njeodo N. Vigny
Ph.D in Clinical Biochemistry (In progress)
Medical Laboratory Instructor (Fomic Polytechnic University, Douala)
E-mail: N.Vigny64@gmail.com
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 Lecture Outline
• Classification of lipids and examples
• Simple Lipids
– Structure of triglycerides
– Properties and location of triglycerides
– Structure of waxes
– Properties and location of waxes
• Fatty acids
– Structure, properties, and nomenclature
• Complex Lipids
– Classification, structure, properties, location
• Precursor or derived Lipids
– Examples, structure, properties, location

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 Lecture Objectives
• By the close of this lecture each student
should be able to:
1. Draw and describe the structure of lipids.
2. State unique qualities of lipids.

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CLASSIFICATION
OF LIPIDS
AND EXAMPLES

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SIMPLE LIPIDS

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 STRUCTURE
OF TRIGLYCERIDES

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 Fatty acid
(palmitic acid)

Glycerol
(a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a fat

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 Ester linkage

(b) Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)

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 PROPERTIES AND
LOCATION
OF TRIGLYCERIDES

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Fig. 5-12a

Structural
formula of a
saturated fat
molecule

Stearic acid, a
saturated fatty
acid
(a) Saturated fat

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Structural formula
of an unsaturated
fat molecule

Oleicacid, an
unsaturated
fatty acid
cis double
bond causes
(b) Unsaturated fat
bending
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 WAXES
Lipids which are long chain saturated fatty acids and a long
chain Saturated monohydric alcohols of high molecular
weight other than glycerol.
Examples:
1. Bees wax : secretion of abdominal glands of worker
honey bees
2. Sebum : secretion of sebaceous glands of skin
3. Cerumen : soft and brownish waxy secretion of the
glands in the external auditory canal. Also called as Earwax
4. Paraffin wax : A translucent waxy substance obtained
from petroleum

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 BUILDING
BLOCKS OF
TRIGLYCERIDES
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COMPLEX LIPIDS

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PRECURSOR AND DERIVED
LIPIDS

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 Steroids

• Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon

skeleton consisting of four fused rings.
• Cholesterol, an important steroid, is a
component in animal cell membranes.
• Although cholesterol is essential in animals, high
levels in the blood may contribute to
cardiovascular disease.

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DERIVED They are derivatives obtained via the
hydrolysis of the simple and complex lipids.
LIPIDS e.g. steroids, terpenes and prostaglandins

• The steroids do not contain fatty

Steroid acids but are included in lipids as
they have fat-like properties.
• They are made up of 4 fused
carbon rings
Cholesterol, Vit D, testosterone,
adrenocortical hormones.
• The most common steroids are
STEROLS.
Common sterols are Cholesterol
and ergosterol

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 CHOLESTEROL

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 THANK YOU
END OF LECTURE

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