Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

Contract Package C13a Report

The Louis Berger Group., Inc

Prepared by: T.K.Zan – Resident Engineer, C13a,b

Rod Nuada – Geotechnical Engineer

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Location Package C13a

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CDM Letter

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CDM Letter

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 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM

This treatment solution is to be applied for the chainages 4-7

Treatment solution
Chain
age Chainage Design
notati section
on
PVD @1.3m, counterweight berm: L=18m,
4 Km1+570-Km1+700 Km1+640 h=2m phase-by-phase fill

PVD @1.3m, counterweight berm: L=18m,

5 Km1+700-Km1+860 Km1+800 h=2m phase-by-phase fill

PVD @1.3m, counterweight berm: L=22m,

6 Km1+860-Km1+960 Km1+900 h=2m phase-by-phase fill

PVD @1.3m, counterweight berm: L=15m,

7 Km1+960-Km2+260 Km1+980 h=2m phase-by-phase fill

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Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
 The guideline construction method is as follows:
 - The preparation shall be done before construction of
embankment: Clearing, grubbing, digging organic,
dredging mud, excavating the unsuitable soil, using the
excavated soil to embank the water-preventing fence at
both sides and pumping water if needed.
 Install geotextile fabric to separate between sand layer
and soft soil layer.
 Install monitoring equipment.
 Backfill by fine sand (K=0,90) to bottom elevation of sand
cushion.
 Fill the medium sand cushion 1,0m thick (K=0,90).
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Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
 Construct the wick drain, note that the the wick drain should be cut
20cm higher than top of sand cushion.
 Install the reinforced geotextile fabric according to horizontal
direction, folding 2,0m for each side.
 Fill the first layer of embankment with 30cm deep, place the
remaining reinforced geotextile fabric.
 Fill the embankment (K=0,95) and soil fill for settlement
compensation on period (phase by phase).
 Fill of pavement structure
 Observe, if reaching settlement as designed and embankment is
stable or instructed by Supervision Engineer, carries out the next
steps.
 Take down (remove) the filled parts for preload and for pavement
structure, fill the surrounding area of drainage gate (outlet).
 Plant the grass by placed block of grass on talus suface.
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 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
 Plant the grass by placed block of grass on talus suface.
 Construct the structure layers of pavement.
 Install the wick drain:
 Construction machine: prepare the equipment for placing wick drain which
has proper capacity to carry out up to the depth as required in Design
Document.
 The machine must be included the devices of measuring the compressive
depth, inclination.
 Construction of the cushion layer and embankment:
 After finishing the installation of wick drain, Contractor can construct the
sand cushion and fill the embankment. Process of embankment fill in the
chainages of soft soil treatment must strictly comply with regulations on
filled process specified in soft soil treatment document.
 When construct embankment in chainages of soft soil treatment by wick
drain, not permit for using the vibrating roller.
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 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
1. The route passes through areas of soft soil distribution - the
layers number 1 and 5. The soft soil layers are largely thick
and located on the surface or the underlied layer number 2
(sand). These soil layers number 1 & 5 has a large settlement
compression, a little shear resistance, a small consolidation
coefficient and commonly the disadvantage construction
geotechnical phenomena arisen when building road such as
sliding and settlement of embankment. Therefore it is
necessary to apply geotechnical treatment solutions when
building the road.

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 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
2. Based on the construction conditions, geotechnical conditions and
treatment solutions applied in the area, recommend to use combination
of wick drain and the period filling (fill implemented phase by phase), the
geotextile fabric and counterweight berm for geotechnical embankment
treatment. Specifically in the length, spacing of wick drain; height of
embankment and settlement time during each period are summarized in
the treatment result summary table.
• Embankment filling rate: 10 cm/day.
• Spacing of wick drains: 1.30 m, triangle lattice (diamond).
• Length of wick drain: From 13.5 to 22.0m
• Thickness of sand bedding layer: 1m – for the entire project.
• Separated Geotextile Fabric Type 25 KN/m : 1 layer installed above
surface after excavating the surface organic soil.
• Consolidation time: 270 - 330 ngày.
•07/05/21
The total time of embankment construction: 360 days. 10
 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
3. Thus, time for construction and embankment treatment is 360
days, the remaining duration of the project is 370 days,
enough time to complete construction of superstructure works
and culverts along the route. To avoid the uneven settlement
between the culvert portion and embankment, recommend
that the construction of culverts will be only implemented after
completing embankment treatment. Therefore the
construction of the chainages which have culvert is first
priority.

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 Soft Soil Treatment Report by CDM
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
4. During the construction, the drainage works must be well done
from the embankment to outside, the material shall not be
stored on the embankment with height > designed elevation
(for each phase) . The settlement need to be observed
regularly (once a day observed during construction and after a
week of construction, then gradually reduced to once in 2-7
days). However, the greater observation density is, the
reliability of data is higher and more facilitate for evaluating
the embankment consolidation and estimating the remaining
residual settlement.

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 Soft soil treatment Report by CDM
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
45 The design document is based on geological survey data.
During the construction process, need to consider the actual
conditions to adjust the design in accordance with reality.
Additionally, it needs to install monitoring equipment to assess
the efficiency of the geotechnical treatment, the embankment
consolidation analysis, detection and solve timely of incidents
occurring in the embankment construction. At the same time,
basing on monitoring data to adjust the construction schedule.

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Profile for Soft Soil Treatment

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Profile for Soft Soil Treatment

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9th Feb, 2012 Meting at Site office

Site meeting was held on 9th Feb 2012 at Contract C13a

work site and chaired by Mr Dung Chief Project Director ,
Department of Transport, Da Nang. Mr Vy Project Director
PMU and Mr T K Zan RE Supervision Consultant LBG and
Contractor PVC 1 jv CRD representative Mr Dang General
Director , Mr Hung CEO and Mr Bang CRD Director were
attended the meeting. The recorded meeting notes is
attached.
Mr Dung Derector of DOT asking make trial section 200m
put surcharge for reading first 40 days.

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 Comments on Results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

 Site meeting was held on 9th Feb 2012 at Contract C13a work site
and chaired by Mr Dung Chief Project Director , Department of
Transport, Da Nang. Mr Vy Project Director PMU and Mr T K Zan
RE Supervision Consultant LBG and Contractor PVC 1 jv CRD
representative Mr Dang General Director , Mr Hung CEO and Mr
Bang CRD Director were attended the meeting. The recorded
meeting notes is attached.
 In the meeting one of the agenda was discussed by Mr Dung DOT
to construct the trial surcharge section where the wick drain
installation was completed. He requested to make a reading at the
200 m trial surcharge section from the beginning to the end of the
filling surcharge to find out the rate of the settlement and the
settlement status compare with the CDM design settlement
concepts.
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 Comments on Results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

 The Contractor C13a selected the first section from Km 1+920 to

Km 2+020 for 100m length where the wick drain installation has
completed. Trial surcharge filling started at the first section on 1 st
March 2012 and completed the filling height 5.75 m on 9 th April
2012. The second section trial 100 m filling surcharge from Km
2+020 to Km 2+120 has started on 11 th march 2012 and
completed the filling height 5.75 m on 9 th May 2012.
 Supervision Consultant and the Contractor Geotechnical Engineer
team has recorded the reading of the settlement pads from the
beginning of the filling surcharge at both trial sections. The
summary of the settlement pads readings charts are attached.
 Supervision Consultant of Contract C13a comments on the first
Trial Section from Km 1+920 tp Km 2+020 are as follows :

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

1. Settlement analysis of Trial Surcharge at Km 1+920 to Km 2+020

 The Location of first trial surcharge section is from Km 1+920 and Km
2+ 020, the length is 100m, width is 45 m.
 The original contract proposed design of construction sequence of
filling the surcharge is to fill up by 2 phases. Phase 1 is to fill up to
3.5 m height and wait for 3 months for consolidation. Phase 2 is to fill
the additional height up to final height 5.75m and wait for 6 months
for consolidation. The Contract design specified the totalconsolidation
time for 9 months.
 However, as per the request from the Client the surcharge was filled
at this location up to phase 2 stage, 5.75 m as a trial to observe the
rate of settlement, acceleration of consolidation and effectiveness of
wicks drain to reduce the construction time.

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

1. Settlement analysis of Trial Surcharge at Km 1+920 to Km 2+020

 Prefabricated vertical drains, wicks drains were installed at the
sections from Km 1+920 to Km 1+960 to the depth of 22.5 m
and from the section Km 1+960 to Km 2+020 is up to 16.8 m in
1.3 m grid.
 There are 5 numbers of settlement pads were installed after
the installation of wicks drains at this surcharge trial 100 m
and monitor to establish the base line reading. The settlement
pads on the surcharge were extended before backfilling.
 The back filling was carried out at the surcharge trial section.
The piezometer was not installed at this 100 m trial section
hence changes in pore water pressure could not be monitored
and this analysis was conducted based on available settlement
data.
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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

Settlement analysis of Trial Surcharge at Km 1+920 to Km 2+ 020 and

Km 2+020 to Km 2+120

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Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

CROSS SECTION FOR OBSERVATION DEVICE

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Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

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Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

Trial Section Km1+920 to Km2+020

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Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

Trial Section Km2+020 to Km2+120

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

PVD installation lay out (trial surcharge area)

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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

2. Analysis of settlement pad of first trial section from Km 1+920 to Km 2+020

 The settlement pad was installed 1m beneath the wick drain
platform level.
 The design settlement prediction for 2 phases of back filling and
the period of 328 days is 1.26 m.
 LG03 at middle of the back fill shows most settlement 0.54m
where as the LG02 and LG04 settled 0.45m and 0.37m
respectively after 100 days.
 LG01 and LG05 at the both side of embankment show less
settlement -24mm and -53mm and negligible due to absent of
loading.
 The settlement profiles indicated that the average rate of
settlement is 18cm per month and the degree of consolidation of
the wicks drain area has attained 43% of the design value in 100
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days.
 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

2. Analysis of settlement pad of first trial section from Km 1+920 to Km 2+020

 The settlement trend shows settlement is still proceeding and
has not reached to absolute settlement level (stable condition)
as per the design prediction.
 Therefore, we can assume that the wicks drains are performing
well to improve the soil drainage system as per original design
prediction even though the results are not favorable to expedite
the construction.
 The settlement profile of the settlement pads within the 100
days observed that the magnitude and rate of settlement does
not indicate that the consolidation rate could be faster due to
back filling to the final level in one stage against the CDM
design concepts.
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 Comments on results of Soft Soil Treatment Trial Section

3. Analysis of settlement pad of second trial section from Km

2+020 to Km 2+120
 LG03 at middle of the back fill shows most settlement 0.36 m
where as the LG02 and LG04 settled 277 mm and 270 mm
respectively after 60 days.
 LG01 and LG05 at the both side of embankment show less
settlement -79mm and -75mm and negligible due to absent of
loading.
 The degree of consolidation of the wicks drain area has
attained 28.6% of the design value in 60 days.
 The settlement trend shows settlement is still proceeding and
has not reached to absolute settlement level (stable condition)
as per the design prediction.
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Photo instrument

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Photo Settelment instrument

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Photo Wick Drain installation

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Photo Wick Drain installation

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 Thank you!

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