techniques and strategies for

English Arabic translation

Translating General Text
2ND LEVEL
• Borrowing is the taking of words from one Language
into another without translating them. it means that the
source language word is transferred into the target
language to fill a lexical gap or to create a certain effect.
• such as hijab, intifada radio television Instagram.

Borrowing
• a calque translation is a phrase borrowed from another
language and translated literally word for word.
buy any book you like.
he works as a teacher.
cold war.

Calque
• Transposition reflects the grammatical change that occurs
in translation from the source language to the target
language.
• a verb becomes adverb.
• plural form becomes singular.
• this made me feel shocked and embarrassed.

Transposition
• Expansion refers to the case where the translator exceeds
the number of words of the source language in
translation.
• email.‫كتروني‬..‫ريد لا‬
...‫ ب‬.

Expansion
• This technique consists in using a phrase that is dissimilar
in the source and target languages to convey the same
idea. Through the process of modulation, the translator
generates a change in the judgment of the message
without altering meaning and without generating a sense
of inelegance in the reader of the target language text.
• He cleared his throat.
• It is raining cats and dogs.

Modulation
• This technique applies when something specific to one
language culture is expressed in a totally different way
that is appropriate to another language culture. It is a shift
in cultural environment. It is used when the limit to
translation has been reached, i.e. when a simple
translation would not work or it would produce confusion
in the target language and culture. Titles of books,
movies, and characters often fit into this category.

Adaptation