Topic:- STRUCTURE OF ROADS IN PLAIN AND HILLY AREAS (MEGHALYA)

Session-2021-22

By: Utkarsh Pratap Singh

XII-A To;
29 Mr. Vishal Kumar Kashyap
INDEX

 Introduction of the topic

 Sources of object
 Study the relation
 Conclusion
 result
Introduction of of
structure of roads in
hilly and plain areas
 BASICALLY AT THE AREAS OF HILLS THE STRUCTURE OF ROADS ARE NOT
SIMILAR, THAT OF THE ROADS IN PLAIN AREAS. THEREFORE IN THESE
HILLY AREAS THE ROADS ARE GENERALLY IN A ROUND SHAPE THAT IS ALL
OVER AROUND THE MOUNTAINS FROM LOWER TO HIGHER REGION.
 It means that from lower to higher the area of mountains
becomes smaller as there width decreases.
 while at the plain areas the roads are generally straight due
to lack of slopes like in roads of hilly areas .
 so it is easier to make smooth roads without much more
expenses.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

Theory

 Alignment through hilly areas is slightly different from

aligning through a flat terrain. For the purpose of efficient
and safe operation of vehicles through a hilly terrain special
care should be taken while aligning the highway. Some of
the special considerations for highway alignment through a
hilly terrain is discussed below.Stability of the slopes: for
hilly areas, the road should be aligned through the side of
the hill that is stable. The common problem with hilly areas
is that of landslides. Excessive cutting and filling for road
constructions give way to steepening of slopes which in turn
will affect the stability.
 Hill side drainage: Adequate drainage facility should be
provided across the road. Attempts should be made to align the
roads in such a way where the number of cross drainage
structures required are minimum. This will reduce the
construction cost.
 Special geometric standards: The geometric standards followed
in hilly areas are different from those in flat terrain. The
alignment chosen should enable the ruling gradient to be
attained in minimum of the length, minimizing steep gradient,
hairpin bends and needless rise and fall.
 Ineffective rise and fall : Efforts should be made to keep the
ineffective rise and excessive fall minimum.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Relation with natural resources
Various other factors that govern the alignment are drainage considerations, floods and monotony.

1. Drainage
2. Floods
3. monotony
4. Hydrological rainfall
Conclusion

 After reading about the roads of the hilly and plain regions
we conclude that there are too many problems on the roads
of hilly areas.
 While, in plain areas we don’t experience much problems,
as there are several advantages of roads in the plain areas.
Result

At last we found that the roads on the hilly areas are

not so good due to the different shape of different face
of the mountain or hill
REFERENCE

 Relatives 
 Travelling Experience
 Social media
 Books