Major faults in the

Philippines
What is a fault ?
a three-dimensional surface where blocks of rock have
broken.
What is a fault line?
a geological fracture where the movement of masses
of rock have displaced parts of the earth's crust.
Marikina Valley
Fault System
 - moves in a dominantly
Western dextral strike-slip motion
Valley Fault

- capable of producing large

scale earthquakes on its
active phases with a
magnitude of 7 or higher

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Western Valley
Fault
- runs through
Manila to the
cities of Marikina,
Quezon City,
Pasig, Makati,
Taguig and
Muntinlupa
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 - moves in an oblique
Eastern dextral motion.
Valley Fault

- It extends to about 17.24

kilometres (10.71 mi) from
Rodriguez to San Mateo in
the province of Rizal.

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 South of
Mindanao Fault
 - Has a normal fault
Cotabato
Fault

- separates the Daguma

range from the Cotabato
Basin

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Cotabato Fault
- Runs through
Zamboanga city to
Gen. Santos City

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Central Philippine
Fault
 - cuts across the Bondoc
Guinayangan Peninsula and the Ragay
Fault Gulf

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Masbate Fault - accompanied by unusually
large ground rupture

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 - Not subject to earthquakes
Central Leyte
Fault
- Subject to clusters of
foreshocks

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 Types of
Earthquakes
 - occur at plate tectonic
Tectonic boundaries
Earthquake
- Generated from the built-
up energy within rocks due
to the movement of faults
But how?
Ex. moro gulf earthquake
(1976)

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 - Produced by explosive
Volcanic volcanic activity or magma
Earthquake ejected beneath the crust

- These earthquakes are a

result of pressure changes
during the unsteady
transport of the magma.

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 - Happens due to the sudden
Collapse
Earthquake collapse of underground
caverns and mines

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 - result from the explosion
Explosion of nuclear and chemical
Earthquake devices.

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SUMMARY
 Introduction to
Different Earthquake
Hazards
Overview

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 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

GROUND SHAKING
&
LIQUEFACTION
Monica Laviste
INTRODUCTION
EARTHQUAKES HAVE LITTLE
DIRECT EFFECT ON HUMANS
INTRODUCTION
“EARTHQUAKES DON’T KILL
PEOPLE, BUILDINGS DO,”
 GROUND SHAKING
Described as the
Can trigger other vibration of the
hazards ground
such as liquefaction and due to the passing of seismic

landslides waves underneath it.

AREA'S PROFILE

Nature of the ground affect the

level of damage
seismic waves tend to slow down when travelling
through soft, loose, soggy soil and as it slows down, the
strength of ground shaking increases.
 GORKHA
EARTHQUAKE
Occurred on April 25, 2015 

Struck near the city of Kathmandu in central Nepal

About 9,000 people were killed

more than 600,000 damaged or destroyed structures

Magnitude was 7.8

 EFFECTS

Plastic Processing
Methods
DAMAGED PEOPLE & ANIMALS LIQUEFACTION,
INFRASTRUCTURES SUBSIDENCE, ETC
are injured or killed
 LIQUEFACTION
Causes the ground
Sand or soil mixes
to lose its strength
with groundwater

becoming very soft and

due to moderate or strong
act similar to quicksand.
earthquake
EFFECT:
Results to structures above
the ground to tilt or sink.

While objects buried

underground will rise
MINIMIZING THE EFFECT OF
LIQUEFACTION

Consult with an engineer and

improve the foundation of the
structure