Share your experiences about COVID-19

Teaching Health and Hygiene

Role Play
How are these terms explained in various local dialects?
• wellness
• disease
• prevention
• Symptoms

5 mins role play by any randomly selected Group

 Teaching about
Personal Body Care
Outline of Presentation
 Health and Hygiene

Personal Body Care

• Diseases and Infections

Communicable and Non-communicable diseases

Expected Learning Outcomes
• Identify unscientific ideas and misconceptions about
diseases.
• Prepare checklist to monitor future pupil’s personal
hygiene.
• Prepare a chart on diseases and their causative agents,
symptoms, treatment and/or prevention.
• Design mini-projects to investigate common diseases in
the community
Key Words
Communicable Symptom

Infection Endemic

Non communicable Epidemic

Pathogenic Pandemic
 Health
a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
What Is Personal Hygiene?
Personal Hygiene is how we look after our bodies.
Keeping ourselves clean and tidy makes us feel better
about ourselves and also keeps us, and those around
us, healthier!
 What Does It Include?
Brushing our teeth
Washing our hands
Wearing clean clothes;
Showering or bathing regularly;
Keeping fresh and clean;
Minimising the spread of germs where we can
 Brushing Our Teeth

It is recommended that we brush our teeth twice a day.

We should visit the dentist every 6 months for
a check up.
Brushing properly removes plaque which can
cause cavities, tooth ache, gum disease and
even our teeth falling out!
It also gives us lovely fresh breath!
 Washing Our Hands
Washing our hands is one of the simplest ways we can keep
ourselves and those around us healthy.
Think about everything your hands touch in a day…

door handles;
stair banisters;
toilet flushers.
Think about how many other people have touched these
things too!
 Dirtier Than a Toilet Seat?
A study from a University in Arizona
claimed there were things that we
touch that are actually dirtier than a
toilet seat!

All of these things were found to have more bacteria and germs than a
household toilet seat!
 When Should We Wash Our Hands?
It’s best to keep your nails neatly
When they are dirty; trimmed and clean.
And try not to bite them!
Before we eat or help prepare
food;

After petting animals;

Washing our hands with clean, warm water and soap will kill off
the germs and keep our hands clean.
When Should We Wash Our Hands?
After using the toilet;
After we sneeze, cough or blow our noses;
Before and after visiting someone who
is unwell.

Washing our hands with clean, warm water and soap will
kill off the germs and keep our hands clean.
 Showering or Bathing Regularly
As we get older and
start to experience
puberty it becomes
important to shower
and bath more
regularly.
Both boys and girls bodies change during
puberty, but one of the main changes that we
all experience is that our sweat glands grow
and start to produce more sweat.
Clean Clothes

It is really important to wear clean clothes. If we wore the same thing all the
time they would get dirty and start to smell. Even if it is the most fashionable
thing you own…it will still need to be washed!

You don’t need to wear fresh, clean clothes every day, but if, for example, you
wear the same trousers to school for a few days - make sure that you take them
off as soon as you get home and let them air out for a while!
Don’t Forget Your Underwear!

Underwear is different. Underwear covers the parts which can get the
most sweaty.

This includes socks! Our feet are covered in sweat glands and can get
sweaty and smelly as we’re on our feet a lot.

Remember to change your socks and underwear every day! And put
the dirty ones in the dirty washing basket - don’t leave them on your
bedroom floor. Yuck!
 Keeping our noses clean
The only acceptable way of cleaning our noses is with a tissue or
handkerchief. Not fingers or sleeves! Bring a small packet of tissues
with you to school. If you have a really bad cold, they can even stay
at your desk!
dirty tissues must be binned or flushed
down a toilet straight away;

don’t share used tissues with others;

wash your hands after using a tissue.

 Other ways of preventing the spread of germs

Covering our mouths when we sneeze or cough.

Not sharing water bottles, etc.
Not coming to school if you have a running stomach
and have been sick or have diarrhoea.

Try not to touch our eyes, nose and mouth too much.
Preparing a Checklist on Personal Hygiene
HABIT FREQUENCY
• 1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A FUNGAL DISEASE?
A. AIDS B. RINGWORM C. POLIO D. MALARIA

2. ASOMA IS SUFFERING FROM A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, WHICH OF

THE FOLLOWING IS HE MOST LIKELY TO BE SUFFERING FROM?
B. CANCER B. STROKE C. DIABBETES D. COMMON COLD

3. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING DISEASES CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH THE AIR,

EXCEPT
A. CHOLERA B. CHICKEN POX C. MEASLES D. COVID-19
4. WHAT WOULD YOU DO TO PREVENT GETTING INFECTED WITH ATHLETE’S
FOOT?
A. AVOID DRINKING CONTAMINATED WATER
B. WEAR NOSE MASKS
C. AVOID UNPROTECTED SEX
D. AVOID SHARING PERSONAL ITEMS WITH AN INFECTED PERSON
5. A KEY SYMPTOM OF CHICKEN POX IS …
E. RUNNING NOSE
F. WATERY STOOLS
G. SEVERE HEADACHE AT THE ONSET
H. PROFUSE SWEATING
Infections and diseases
• Difference between an infection and a disease

• Infection takes place when bacteria, virus or any microbe

that causes disease enters your body and begins to multiply.

• Disease occurs as a result of the infection. Signs and symptoms of an

illness appear.
Presentation on Common Diseases
Points to Consider • Prevention
• Causative Organism/Mode of
Transmission

• Symptoms • Treatment
MAKING A POSTER ON COMMON
DISEASES
• DEVELOP SHORT MESSAGES TO E • WRITE THE MESSAGES ON
WRITTEN ON PLACARDS. STICKY NOTES

• SHARE IDEAS IN A GROUP • PRESENT YOUR WORK TO THE

WHOLE CLASS
 Infectious Disease Defined
Infectious Diseases are defined
as:

“Disorders caused by organisms, such as

bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites …which
can be passed from person to person.

Some are transmitted by insect or

animal bites while others are passed
by ingesting contaminated food or
water or being exposed to organisms
in the environment.”
PPT-089-01 27
 Spread of Disease
Endemic: ”Constant presence of a disease or infectious
agent within a given geographic area. Usually the
prevalence of a given disease within such an area.”

Epidemic: “Occurrence in a community or region of cases

of an illness or outbreak clearly in excess of expectancy.”

Pandemic: ”Occurring over a wide geographic area and

affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the
population, i.e. malaria.”
PPT-089-01 28
Communicable and Non
Communicable Diseases
 Communicable Diseases
• Communicable Disease – A disease that is spread from one living
thing to another or through the environment.
• Pathogen – An organism that causes disease.
• Infection – A condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body,
multiply and damage body cells.
Viral Infections
• Common cold • Rabies
• Influenza • Smallpox
• Viral Pneumonia • West Nile Disease
• Polio • Viral STD’s
• Measles • Herpes
• HIV
• Viral meningitis
• Chicken Pox
Bacterial Infections
• Bacterial food borne • Bacterial meningitis
illness • Tetanus
• Strep Throat • STD’s
• Tuberculosis • Gonorrhea
• Diphtheria • Chlamydia
• Syphilis
• Lyme disease
• Pinkeye
• Bacterial pneumonia
Fungus Infectious
• Athlete’s foot
• Ringworm
• Vaginal yeast infection
Communicable Diseases

Diseases by type of pathogen

FUNGAL DISEASES
• RINGWORM • ATHLETE’S FOOT
Parasites (Mosquitos/MALARIA
How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted:

• Direct Contact: You can pick up pathogens by direct

contact with an infected person or animal: includes
kissing, biting, sexual contact, sneezing and coughing.
A pregnant woman may also transmit an infection to
her unborn child through the placenta.
Indirect Contact:
• Can be transmitted indirectly, without being close to
an infected person.
Contaminated Objects:
• Someone sneezes on the table, cold viruses can be
transmitted to you if you touch the table, then you
touch your mouth or nose.
How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted:

Vectors/Parasites: An organism such

as a tick, which carries and transmits pathogens to
human and animals.
•Water and Food: Careless handling and storage of food are sources of
contamination and illness, ex. Salmonella.

•Airborne Transmission: Pathogens from a cough or sneeze may float

in the air, ex. Chicken pox, TB, influenza.
 Preventing diseases
What is the single most effective way to prevent the
spread of disease?

Hand Washing ( with soap under running water)

 Ways to Prevent Diseases
• Maintain / receive proper Vaccinations
• Avoid sharing personal items
• Handle/ prepare food properly
• Eat more healthy
• Get enough sleep
• Exercise
• Avoid Tobacco and drugs
• Safer Sex
• Proper cold etiquette
The body & Preventing
Communicable diseases
DEVELOPING A FUTURE’S WHEEL ON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
NON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
 Non-Communicable Diseases
• Non communicable Disease:
• A disease that is not transmitted by another person,
or a vector, or from the environment.
• Certain habits and behaviors can either increase or
decrease the risk of these diseases.
• Cardiovascular Diseases:
• A disease that affects the heart, blood, or blood
vessels.
 Examples of Cardio Vascular Diseases

• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Angina Pectoris
• Arrhythmias
• Heart Attack
• Stroke
 RISK FACTORS FOR CVD’S
CONTROLLABLE UNCONTROLLABLE
Tobacco Use • Heredity
High Blood Pressure- have it checked • Gender
periodically
High Cholesterol- eat less high-fat • Age
foods • The health behaviors that you
Physical Inactivity practice now are affecting your
Excess Weight cardiovascular system!
Stress
Drug and Alcohol Use
 WARNING SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK &
STROKE:
HEART ATTACK STROKE
Heart stops because heart is Blood supply to the brain is
overworked: cut off:
 Left arm goes numb  Confusion
 Sweating  Headache
 Skin is pale or clammy

 Dizziness
Chest pain
 Unconscious
 Sweating
 Shortness of breath  Pale and/or redness
 Breathing difficulty  Balance is thrown off
Quick Evaluation for Stroke

• The F.A.S.T. Acronym

• F = Facial drooping or muscle weakness
• A= Arm muscle or range of motion loss
• S= Change in speech patterns
• T=Time, medicine must be given in the
first 6 hours for it to be effective
 Non communicable Diseases
• Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by an
uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells.
• define the following terms:
• Tumor
• Benign
• Malignant
 Vocabulary

• Tumor: An abnormal mass of

tissue that has no natural role in
the body.
• Benign – noncancerous; if you’re
benign your fine!
• Malignant – cancerous
 Risk Factors
There is no known cause of cancer.
Genetics – family history
Environment – food, water, soil, air
Lifestyles choices – sexual activity, drinking, smoking, drugs
 What is a Carcinogen???
Carcinogen: A cancer causing substance.
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Illegal drug use
Sexually transmitted disease
Radiation – ultraviolet rays from the sun
Dietary factors
How can you reduce your risk of Cancer??

• Practice abstinence
• Be physically active
• Maintain healthy weight
• Eat nutritious foods
• Protect your skin from the sun
• Avoid tobacco, drugs, and alcohol
• Recognize warning signs of cancer
• What type of cancer is most common in the US?
• SKIN CANCER
 Warning Signs of Cancer:

• Change in bowel habits

• A sore that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump
• Indigestion or difficulty
swallowing
• Obvious change in mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness
Group Presentations
• RINGWORM • COVID-19

• MEASLES • CHOLERA

• CHICKEN POX • ECZEMA

• CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS
• MALARIA • GONORRHEA

• TYPHOID • SKIN RASHES

• COMMON COLD • CANCER

• HIV/AIDS