FIRE PROTECTION IN BUILDINGS

Every building contains something which will easily

catch fire .
 But, it is practically impossible to eliminate
completely the chance of fire.

It is estimated that every 37 seconds fire breakout in

USA – Advanced building construction.

It is equally true that no building material is fully fire

proof.
FIRE PROTECTION IN BUILDINGS
Considering the above facts,

INTERNATIONAL FIRE PREVENTION CONGRESS

passed a resolution 1903 recommending fire proof
applied to the building.
Thus, all building protected against any fire.
Points for considerations…
Suitable planning ,proper method of construction and
satisfactory means of escape.
Non combustible materials –does not necessarily
follow.
Protection of life, goods
Degree of fire resistance required will largely depends
on use of building.
Means of escape from fire should be easily accessible,
unobstructed and clearly defined.
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF FIRE
Smoking in unauthorized places.
Lighted end of cigarettes and matches.
Faulty electrical wiring.
Heating and cooking equipments.
Children playing with matches.
open flames and sparks
Flammable liquids
Suspected arson
Chimneys and flues
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF FIRE
Lighting
Spontaneous combustion

EFFECTS OF GASES:

Carbon monoxide: it is invisible and odourless.

It prevent oxygen reaching brain.
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF FIRE
Carbon dioxide:
This gas over stimulates the rate of breathing and it is
thus responsible for increasing the intake of toxic
gases.
Hydrogen sulphide:
This gas affect nervous system and it causes dizziness
and pain in the respiratory system.
Nitrogen dioxide:
it is extremely toxic and it nums or deaden the thorat.
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF FIRE
Human body can with stands 65 to 120’C
Smoke hampers vision
Gases impair rational thought

BEFORE FINDING THE EFFECTIVE ROUTE MANY

PEOPLE KILLED BY LACK OF CLEAR THOUGHT
RATHER THAN FLAMES.
CAUSES AND EFFECT OF FIRE
Normally in air oxygen level is 21% .
DURING the fire- oxygen level is 17% -Rational
thought and muscle control become very difficult.
When oxygen level below 6% -breathing stops and
after about 4 to 6 minutes brain death occurs without
oxygen
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
Be sure about cigarettes and matches thoroughly
extinguished.
Entrust work of wiring to an expert.
Evacuate your home as soon as possible.
Never smoke in bed
If ,Cloths caught fire drop on the floor.
If there is a smoke, crawl on your hands and knees to
safety.
Train your family member and staff for fighting a fire.
Case study
GRADING THE OCCUPANCIES
FIRE LOAD:

(WT. OF COMBUSTABLE MAT.x CALORIFIC

VALUE)/FLOOR AREA.
(Kg x K cal/Kg)/m^2

GRADING THE OCCUPANCIES:

LOW FIRE LOAD
MODERATE LOAD
 HIGH FIRE LOAD
FOR ASSESSING THE FIRE GRADING-

MATERIALS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :

NON HAZADOUS (NH)

HAZARDOUS (H)
 EXTRA HAZARDOUS (EH)
LIMITING FIRE SPREAD
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
MEANS OF ESCAPE
PROTECTION OF OPENINGS
SUBDIVISION

NOTE: BUILDINGS
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION TIME IN HOURS
 TYPE I 4
 TYPE II 3
 TYPE III 2
 TYPE IV 1
CHA.. OF FIRE RESISTING MATREIALS:
COMPOSITION SUCH THAT
IT SHOULD NOT DISINTEGRATED WITH GREAT
HEAT.
EXPANSION OF MATERIALS NOT BE THERE.
CONTRACTION SHOULD NOT BE THERE.
FIRE RESISTING MATERIALS:
STONE- NON COMBUSTABLE MATERIAL AND BAD
BRICKS-POOR CONDUCTOR
TIMBER- CATCH FIRE RAPIDLY
CAST IRON -RARELY USED.
GLASS – POOR CONDUCTOR OF HEAT
STEEL – NON COMBUSTIBLE BUILDING MATERIALS
WROUGHT IRON – AS OF MILD STEEL
ALUMINIUM-POOR FIRE RESISTING PROPERTY
CONCRETE- EFFECTIVE FIRE RESISTANCE MATERIAL
A C SHEET-NON COMBUSTABLE MATERIALS.
 THERE NO
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD FOR FIRE TEST.

GENERAL RULES FOR FIRE RESISTANT BUILDING:

GENERAL RULES FOR FIRE RESISTING
BUILDINGS:
ALARM SYSTEMS
PROTECTION OF OPENINGS
COMMOM WALL
PARITION WALL
STAIR
FLOORS
FIRE -EXTINGUISHING ARRANGEMENTS
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
AUTOMATIC SPINKLER SYSTEM
CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM
DRY CHEMICAL SYSTEM –FLAMMABLE
LIQUID,ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
FOAM SYSTEM-OIL AND REFINERIES,CHEMICAL
HALON SYSTEM- HYDROGEN ATOMS(CHEMICAL)
HYDRANT SYSTEM-JET OF WATER-MULTI STOREY
WATER SPARY SYSTEM-WATER
 END
FIRE PROTECTION IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING