BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH

DES-218 L
INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILE FIBRES AND YARNS LAB

Student Name : Dimpal Sharma

Roll No : 2013925 Summited to : Shubhangi Patidar
Semester : III rd Department of Design
Date : 2 august 2021
 1. Assignment :- Twist
Microscopic Test
 Microscopic test

• Microscopic lest is a technical test that involves identifying the fabric

with the help of a microscope with a magnification of minimum 100
power.
• The test can easily distinguish between fibres.
• Tetes identifies the natural fibres more easily as compared to man made
ones .
• Synthetic fibres are very similar in appearance and the increase in the
number of varieties , make it a little tough to distinguish the fibres even
under a microscope
 Objective of fibre identification by microscopic test
• Fiber identification lab tests detect defects in textiles that may not be apparent to the human
eye and require scientific analysis to be spotted before materials are used for manufacturing.
• located closest to the object, relays a real image of the object to the eyepiece.

Microscope: It used for Identification of textile fiber.

Specification:

• Machine Name: binocular Microscope

• Model: MC-50 series
• Magnification Range: 40x – 100x
• No. of Objective lens: 4
.
Test through binocular microscope
Steps:-
1. Connect the light microscope to a power source.
2. Mount your specimen onto the stage.
3. Use the metal clips to keep your slide in place.
4 Look through the eyepiece and move the focus knob until the image
comes into focus.
5. Adjust the condenser and light intensity for the greatest amount of light.
6. When you have a clear image of your sample with the lowest power
objective, you can note down the results.
7. When finished, lower the stage, click the low power lens into position
and remove the slide.
FEELING TEST :-
Different fibers show different behavior when you will place
your hand on them.
•Cotton- Cool to touch, feels soft and inelastic
•Linen- Cool to touch, feels smooth and leathery
•Jute- Cool to touch, feels smooth and leathery
•Silk- Warm to touch, feels elastic and smooth
•Wool -Warm to touch, feels elastic and springy
•Rayon- Cool to touch, feels smooth, inelastic and lustrous
•Acetate Nylon- Little warm to touch, feels smoother, more elastic and resilient than rayon
•Nylon -Feels very smooth, lightweight, elastic, lustrous
•Polyester -Feels very smooth and stiffer
•Acrylic -Feels like wool, but lightweight and slippery feeling
•Polypropylene- Extremely lightweight, resilient smooth and lustrous
 Cotton
Longitudinal View
• Mature flat and ribbon-like with convolutions, thick wall and small lumen
• Immature very thin wall and a large lumen with few convolutions
• Dead very thin and almost transparent
• Mercerized smooth and cylindrical, fewer convolutions and lumen or sometimes
may be absent
Cross Sectional View
• Kidney Shaped
• Elliptical
• Very thin like a strip
• Nearly round or circular
 Linen
Longitudinal View
Cross Sectional View
Smooth and bamboo like with Sharp polygonal shape with straight
cross marking nodes, no sides. Immature oval shape with a large
lengthwise striation narrow lumen lumen
 Jute
Longitudinal View
Cross Sectional View
Cylindrical with uneven in diameter, a Rounded polygonal with a central
lumen is broad and varies greatly lumen
Wool
Cross Sectional View
Longitudinal View
Nearly round or circular, medulla
Cylindrical, irregular, rough surface, may appear
scale-like structure, dark medulla
may appear on coarse wool fibres
Silk
Longitudinal View
Cross Sectional View
Smooth surface, Structure less,
triangular shaped transparent Triangular shape with rounded
rod(Wild silk/Tussah silk – broader corners(Tussah silk flat wedge
fibre with fine, longitudinal lines or spindle-shaped
passing across filament)
 Viscose Rayon
Longitudinal View Cross Sectional View
Normal type fairly dense longitudinal
striations or fine lines Irregular with a serrated outline
Special type-may be smooth and Structure Oval or round
less
 Polyester
Longitudinal View Cross Sectional View
Structure less, uniform Circular
diameter, rod-like appearance
 Nylon
Longitudinal View Cross Sectional View
Structure less, uniform diameter, rod-
like appearance Circular
 Acrylic
Longitudinal View Cross Sectional View
Smooth surface, uniform diameter, Rounded or Dumbbell shaped
rod-like appearance, some types
with irregularly spaced striations
 2. Assignment :- fiber identification
Burning Test
 Fibre Identification by Burning
test :-
• Purpose: To make some observations about the reaction of various
fibers to an open flame.
Procedure:
Obtain 1–2 cm lengths or tufts of the various fibers or yarns to be tested from the
samples provided.
1. Hold the individual fiber samples to be tested in tweezers or tongs and bring the
fibers slowly to the side of a Bunsen burner flame. Make observations. What is the
initial reaction? Does the fiber shrink? Melt? Anything else?
2. Place the fiber in the flame and slowly withdraw it. Does the fiber burn?
3. If burning occurs, describe the flame. Color? Sooty?
4. Does burning continue or is fiber self-extinguishing?
5. If burning continues, extinguish it and carefully smell the smoke. Describe the smell.
6. Observe the remains of the ash (burn) product. Color? Black? Pale brown? Does it
crumble? Is it hard? Bead-like?
 Result :-
Fibre Burning characteristics Odour Ash
Cotton Burns with a flame. Has Burning paper, Black and powdery
anafterglow

Polyester Melts and burns with Faintly sweet, slight Hard, black round and shiny.
asputtering flame. Gives geraniumodour
offthick black smoke.
Polypropylene Melts and burns with steady Very little odour. Slight celery Hard, turns, opaque.
lame. Clear flame, no odour.
smoke .Looks like melting
glass Melted portion is clear.

Nylon Melts and burns Burninggarbage Hard, round, gray or brown

withsputtering flame. Gives shiny.
offwhite smoke
Nomex Very slow to ignite. Will not Faintly sweet Black, dull finish crushes into
support combustion No black powder.
melting. Material chars and
curls up.
Acrylic Melts and burns rapidly Faintly sweet, slight ‘hotiron’ Resembles burned head of
Sputtering flame. Thick black odour wooden match, crucibles into
smoke. black or brownish orange
powder
Precautions :-
• They produce smoke as they burn and this may be toxic,
so take all precautions.
• Make sure you pick fiber with the help of clip .
 3. Assignment :- fiber chemical
Test
 fibre identification by chemical
• Chemical tests are another technical means of identifying fibers. But
chemical tests are not intended for the general consumers.
• A fiber will turn to a particular color in the presence of dilute acetic
acid and to some other specific color when stained in the presence of
a mild alkali.
Test through chemical
1. Take some fiber reacting solutions and pour them into a
small beaker with the help of pipette.
2. 2 take the unknown fiber and put it in the chemical
solutions one by one.
3. With the help of clip3 stir them and make the completely
react to the chemical.
4. leave them for 5 to 10 min and note down the
observation.5. Repeat the test with other fibers.
Result :-
• SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Chemical safety goggles and lab coats should be worn at all times.
2. Use droppers for their intended solution only.
3. Be careful not to burn yourself on the hot water bath or hot test tubes.
4. Many of the chemicals used in this lab are hazardous. Use safety
precautions and equipment diligently