4.occupational Health and Safety Procedures - CSS

Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures
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Course 4: Practice Occupational Health
and Safety Procedures
+ A health and safety program is a definite plan of
action designed to preventaccidents and occupational
diseases. Some form of a program is required under
occupational health and safety legislation in most jurisdictions.
A health and safety program must include the elements
required by the health and safety legislation as a minimum.
3
+ A health and safety program is a definite plan of
action designed to preventaccidents and occupational
diseases. Some form of a program is required under
occupational health and safety legislation in most jurisdictions.
A health and safety program must include the elements
required by the health and safety legislation as a minimum.
4
+ Because organizations differ, a program developed for one
organization cannot necessarily be expected to meet the needs
of another.
5
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
MODULE TITLE : PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
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MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge,
skills and attitudes required to comply with the regulatory
and organizational requirements for occupational health and
safety such as identifying, evaluating and maintaining
occupational health and safety (OHS) awareness.
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SUGGESTED DURATION : 5 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of
this module the students/trainees must be able to:
LO1. Identity hazards and risks
LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks
LO3. Control hazards and risks
LO4. Maintain occupational health and safety awareness
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Lesson 01: Identify Hazard and Risks
Hazards and Risks Identification and Control
Sound occupational health and safety policies are essential
for employees, but they are also increasingly important for
your customers and other stakeholders. Occupational Health
and Safety Management systems certification to OHSAS
18001 is a strong sign of a organization’s commitment to
employees’ health and safety.
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Many organizations implement an Occupational Health and
Safety Management System (OHSMS) as a fundamental part
of their risk management strategy to address changing
legislation and protect their workforce and other persons
working under their control. OHSAS 18001:2007 addresses the
following key areas:
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+ Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls
+ Legal and other requirements
+ Objectives and OHS program(s)
+ Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority
+ Competence, training and awareness
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+ Communication, participation and consultation
+ Operational control
+ Emergency preparedness and response
+ Performance measuring, monitoring and improvement
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Organizational Safety and Health Protocols
+ Occupational health: Concerns the physical and mental health
of workers and includes the study of work methods, conditions
of work and factors in the working environment that may cause
diseases or injuries.
+ Occupational safety: Concerns the protection of worker’s lives
and physical well-being by eliminating or controlling risks in
the working environment or the system of work within which
workers operate.
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OHS Criteria and Indicators
INSTITUTIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL CATEGORIES:
1. SAFETY CONTROL AND EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
• Incident/accident investigation analysis, recording and
reporting
• List of programs/activities in promoting housekeeping
• Safety innovations and activities
• Records of machine preventive maintenance program
• Records of downtime, running time and production schedule
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1. SAFETY CONTROL AND EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
• List of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provided
• Records of fire safety orientations and drills conducted
• Records of maintenance of fire fighting facilities
• Emergency preparedness plans and related training
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2. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROGRAM
• Chemical safety
– Inventory and Chemical Safety Data Sheets
– Proper labelling, handling and storage of chemicals
– Emergency contingency plan
– Waste management and disposal
– Appropriate PPE
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2. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROGRAM
• Regular Work Environment Measurement (WEM) and
compliance to Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
• Continuous workplace improvement and control measures
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3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM
• List of medical staff and employment status
• List of clinical, dental and medical equipment
• Annual Medical Report for the past five years
• Establishment’s medical records for the past five years
(including analysis)
• Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)/in-house health
services or both
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• Medical services and programs implemented:
– Basic – Special examinations
– Pre-employment – Please specify
– Annual/periodic
– Transfer
– Separation
– Dental examinations
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• Other occupational health programs
– Hearing conservation program, respiratory protection
program, etc.
– Occupational health surveillance programs (i.e. blood lead,
etc.)
• Special occupational health programs
– Workplace drug prevention program
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– HIV/AIDS prevention in the workplace
– Family welfare program
– Anti-sexual harassment
– Tobacco
– TB in the workplace
– Prevention of lifestyle-related diseases
– Others
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4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
• Compliance with government regulations
• Employment of accredited Pollution Control Officer (PCO)
• Classification and segregation of waste
• Pollution control facilities such as waste water treatment, air
cleaning device for hazardous air emission
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COMMUNITY RELATIONS
and proper disposal of waste
• Environmental protection programs such as marine, forest
preservation
• System of responding to issues and concerns
• Unresolved complaints
• Allocated budget for community development
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COMMUNITY RELATIONS
• Continuing assistance to community
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5. SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY PROGRAMS
• Policy on gender
• Policy on persons with disability (PWD)
• Employment of PWDs
• Other Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs
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6. CAPACITY BUILDING ON OSH
• List of required orientations/training on OSH (i.e. Basic
Occupational Safety and Health Training, Construction Safety
Training, OSH-Management System (OSH-MS), chemical
safety, drug abuse, HIV/AIDS, gender sensitivity, anti-sexual
harassment, family welfare
• Training calendar and other staff development activities
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6. CAPACITY BUILDING ON OSH
• Plans on communicating OSH
• Information program, materials and dissemination strategies
• Monitoring and evaluation
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7. OSH-MS, INTERNATIONAL SAFETY RATING
SYSTEM AND OTHERS
• Copy of certification
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8. OUTCOME (OSH INDICATORS AND
PRODUCTIVITY)
• Comparison of safe man-hours and severity/frequency rates
between 2017 and 2018
• Comparison between machine uptime in 2017 and 2018
• Comparison in resource savings in 2017 and 2018
• Comparison in 2017 and 2018 outputs
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Lesson 02: Evaluating Hazard and Risks
Threshold Limit Value
+ The threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical substance is a
level to which it is believed a worker can be exposed day after
day for a working lifetime without adverse health effects.
Strictly speaking, TLV is a reserved term of the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
However, it is sometimes loosely used to refer to other similar
concepts used in occupational health and toxicology. TLVs,
along with biological exposure indices (BEIs), are published
annually by the ACGIH.
30
+ The TLV is an estimate based on the known toxicity in humans
or animals of a given chemical substance, and the reliability and
accuracy of the latest sampling andanalytical methods. It is not a
static definition since new research can often modify the risk
assessment of substances and new laboratory or instrumental
analysismethods can improve analytical detection limits. The
TLV is a recommendation by ACGIH, with only a guideline
status.
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+ As such, it should not be confused with exposure limits having a
regulatory status, like those published and enforced by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The
OSHA regulatory exposure limits permissible exposure limits
(PELs) published in 29CFR 1910.1000 Table Z1 are based on
recommendations made by the ACGIH in 1968, although other
exposure limits were adopted more recently.
32
+ Many OSHA exposure limits are not considered by the
industrial hygiene community to be sufficiently protective levels
since the toxicological basis for most limits have not been
updated since the 1960s. The National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) publishes recommended exposure
limits (RELs) which OSHA takes into consideration when
promulgating new regulatory exposure limits.
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The Philippine OHS Standards
+ The objective of this Standard is to protect every workingman
against the dangers of injury, sickness or death through safe and
healthful working conditions, thereby assuring the conservation
of valuable manpower resources and the prevention of loss or
damage to lives and properties, consistent with national
development goals and with the State’s commitment for the total
development of every worker as a complete human being.
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The Philippine OHS Standards
+ This Standards shall apply to all places of employment except
otherwise provided in this Standard.
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Effects of Hazards in the Workplace
+ Most workplace health hazards target a particular part of the
body such as the lungs, skin or liver. A large number of
workplace diseases and disease agents are recognized. Virtually
any part of the body can be affected in some way by some
workplace health hazard. An important consideration is how
exposure occurs.
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+ For some hazards, there can be one type of effect from a single,
high exposure (an acute effect) and a quite different result when
exposure is at a low level, but repeated regularly over a
prolonged time period (chronic effect). Acute effects depend on
the degree of exposure.
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+ It is therefore relatively easy to control exposure (keep it at a
low enough level) to avoid acute effects. Or, to put it another
way, if workers are experiencing acute effects, they know
exposure to the hazard is not being properly controlled. With
chronic effects there is no immediate warning. Where long-term
exposure is known to cause disease without any warning of the
hazard, it may be necessary to control worker exposure through
regulations that prescribe occupational exposure limits (OELs).
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Lesson 03: Control Hazard and Risks
Safety Regulations in the Philippines
Clean Air Act
+ The State shall pursue a policy of balancing development and
environmental protection. To achieve this end, the framework
for sustainable development shall be pursued. As such, it shall
be the policy of the State to:
Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution that
shall be implemented by the government through proper delegation
and effective coordination of function and
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Clean Air Act
activities; Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among
citizen and industries through the application of incentives
market-based instruments; Focus primarily on pollution
prevention rather than on control and provide for a
comprehensive management program on air pollution;
Promote public information and education to encourage the
participation of an informed and active public in air quality
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Clean Air Act
planning and monitoring; and Formulate and enforce a
system of accountability for short and long term adverse
environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This
shall include setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism
for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and
compensation for personal damages.
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Electrical and Fire Safety Code
+ Disasters can occur anywhere, and they often occur when we
least expect them. NFPA codes and standards are there to
provide us with ways to prevent their occurrence, manage their
impact, and protect us. NFPA develops, publishes, and
disseminates more than 300 consensus codes and standards
intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and other
risks. Virtually every building, process, service, design, and
installation in society today is
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Electrical and Fire Safety Code
+ affected by NFPA documents. Our codes and standards,
administered by more than 250 Technical Committees
comprising approximately 8,000 volunteers, are adopted and
used throughout the world.
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Waste Management
+ RA 9003 describes solid waste management as a discipline
associated with the control of generation, storage, collection,
transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes.
The manner by which these activities are conducted shall be in
accord with the best principles of public health, economics,
engineering, conservation, aesthetics, other environmental
considerations, and public attitudes. The Act provides for a
comprehensive ecological solid waste management program by
creating the
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Waste Management
necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives,
appropriating funds, declaring certain acts prohibited, and
providing penalties.
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Disaster Preparedness and Management
+ Disaster management is the the “actions taken by an
organization in response to unexpected events that are adversely
affecting people or resources and threatening the continued
operation of the organization”.
+ Disaster management “includes the development of disaster
recovery plans, for minimizing the risk of disasters and for
handling them when they do occur, and the implementation of
such plans. Disaster management usually refers to the
management of natural catastrophes such as fire, flooding, or
earthquakes”.
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Contingency Measures and Procedures
+ A contingency plan is a course of action designed to help an
organization respond effectively to a significant future event or
situation that may or may not happen.
+ A contingency plan is sometimes referred to as “Plan B,”
because it can be also used as an alternative for action if
expected results fail to materialize. Contingency planning is a
component of business continuity, disaster recovery and risk
management.
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Lesson 04: Maintain Occupational Health
and Safety Awareness
Operational Health and Safety procedure, practices and
regulations in the Philippines.
+ The Occupational Safety and Health Standards was formulated
in 1978 in compliance with the constitutional mandate to
safeguard the worker’s social and economic well-being as well
as his physical safety and health. Adopted through the tested
democratic machinery of tripartism, the 1978 Standards is
considered as a landmark in Philippine labor and social
legislation.and risk management.
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Lesson 04: Maintain Occupational Health
and Safety Awareness
Operational Health and Safety procedure, practices and
regulations in the Philippines.
+ The advent of industrialization and the continuing introduction
of technological innovations in our country today have,
however, correspondingly increased the number and types of
occupational hazards that our workers are exposed to. Viewed
against this backdrop, it became imperative that the Standards
be revised to make it truly responsive to the workers’ needs.
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Thank You
For Your Attention

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