Fundamentals of electrical

circuits
Lecture 01
Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga
rodolfo.sanchez@cidesi.edu.mx
 Fundamentals of electric current
• Electric current
Elect
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• Charge
Lecture 01 • Electrical current 1. Direction
• Electrical circuit 2. Amount
• Electrical element

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Fundamentals of electric current
• Voltage
Elect
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• Potential difference
- Energy required to move a charged particle between two 𝜔 𝑑𝜔 • Polarity
Lecture 01
points.
∆  𝑉 𝑎𝑣 =
𝑞 ∆  𝑉 = • Value
- Can be created by separation of charge.
𝑑𝑞
- Measured in Volts.

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Fundamentals of electric current
• An electric signal is an electric quantity (current, voltage, ) used for conveying
Elect information.

rical
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Source: http://solar.bnsc.rl.ac.uk/ Source: http://www.physicslovers.com

Lecture 01

• By convention, current • In general, current can be

direction is defined as an arbitrary function of
flow of positive charge. time.
Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021
 Fundamentals of electric current
• Power
Elect
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P=
𝑑 𝜔 𝑑 𝜔 𝑑𝑞
= =𝑖 ∙ 𝑣
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑡
Engi
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ng • Is the time rate at energy is expended or
absorbed.
• Measured in Watts.
• If the current enters through the positive
polarity of the voltage, p = vi.
• If the current enters through the negative
Lecture 01 polarity of the voltage, p = -vi.

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
• Calculate the power of each element.
Elect • Show: expended power = absorbed power
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Type of elements:
Elect
Active: generate energy. Passive: consume or store
rical energy
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Type of sources Ideal voltage source
Elect • Dependent sources • Explicitly defines voltage
rical • Independent sources between its terminals.
• Does not provide information
Engi about the current flowing
through it.
• The current through the voltage
neeri source is defined by the rest of
the circuit.
ng
Ideal current source
• Explicitly defines current
flowing through it.
• Does not provide information
about the voltage between its
Lecture 01 terminals.
• The current through the voltage
source is defined by the rest of
the circuit.

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
I-V characteristics of ideal sources
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Dependent (or controlled) source.
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The source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit.
Four possible types:
Lecture 01
1. A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS).
2. A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS).
3. A voltage-controlled current source (VCCS).
4. A current-controlled current source (CCCS).
Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021
 Electric elements
Example.

Elect Calculate the power supplied or absorbed by each element

rical
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Example.

Elect Calculate the power supplied or absorbed by each element

rical
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ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Exercise.
Elect In the following circuit, find I0
rical
Engi
neeri Hint: can be done with what we have
learned so far.
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Exercise.
Elect In the following circuit, find I0
rical
Engi
neeri Hint: can be done with what we have
learned so far.
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Exercise.
Elect In the following circuit, find I0
rical
Engi
neeri Hint: can be done with what we have
learned so far.
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Homework: prove KCL

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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Elect
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Electric elements
Elect
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Engi
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10 V
  More   Less  
than 10V than Zero
10V 10V
R4

neeri What is the potential difference

between points b and d?
       

ng Q1
R3
a e
What is the potential difference
between points a and b?
       

10V
What is the potential difference        
R1 R2 between points b and c?
C1 b d
c
What is the potential difference        
between points c and d?

Lecture 01
What is the electrical current flowing through R1? Assume R1=R2.

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
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Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
Elect
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ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
Elect
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Engi
neeri
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
Elect
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Engi
neeri
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
Elect
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Engi
neeri
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021

 Capacitor
Elect
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Engi
neeri
ng

Lecture 01

Dr. Rodolfo Sánchez Fraga, Dirección de MEMS 09/06/2021