Practical Phonetics

ENGL 122
Chapter# 3
Lecture# 4
 Affricates

 The mechanism of producing / t ʃ / and / d ʒ /:

 The tongue is firmly contact with the back of

alveolar ridge and hard palate. (Place) 

The soft palate is raised so that the beath trapped for a

short time. (Manner)
 4- Nasal consonants
 The mechanism of producing / m / and / n /:

 For /m/the lips are firmly close, so the mouth is

blocked. (Place)

 For /n/ the tip of the tongue is pressing against the

alveolar ridge. (Place)
 Conti….

 For / ŋ/ the mouth is blocked by the back

of the tongue pressed against the velar.

 The soft palate is lowered so that the beath

trapped for a short time. (manner)
5- Lateral Consonant
 One English sound /l/ is formed laterally, that is
instead of the breath passing down the center of the
mouth, it passes around the sides of an obstruction
set up in the center. (manner)

 The tip of the tongue and the sides of the tongue-

blade are in firm contact with the alveolar ridge.
(place)
 6- Gliding Consonants

 There are three consonants in English

language/w /, /j/ and /r/ Which consists
of quick, smooth , non-friction glide
towards a following vowel sound.
 They are sounds produced when the
tongue and the palate come close to each
other, but not to the extent causing
audible friction or producing vowel like
sound and that’s why some phoneticians
called the (Approximants).
 They are phonetically like vowels but
phonologically like consonants.
Manner of Articulation
 

Manner of Places of articulation

Articulation Voicing
Bilabials Labiodentals Dentals Alveolars Post-alveolar Palatals Velars Glottal

Voiceless p t k
Plosives/stop          
voiced b d g
Voiceless f θ s
Fricatives/friction voiced       h
v ð z ʃʒ
Voiceless tʃ
Affricate              
voiced dʒ
Voiceless      
Nasal          
voiced m n ŋ
Voiceless  
Lateral voiced              
l
Voiceless      
Glides          
voiced w r j