THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
Definitions of Curriculum

• Some authors define curriculum as the total effort of the school

to bring about desired outcomes in school and out-of-school
situations.

• It is also defined as a sequence of potential experiences set up

in school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in
group ways of thinking and acting.
Objective

• Discuss the meaning of curriculum, curriculum

planning, curriculum development, curriculum
designing, program of studies, curriculum
laboratory, instruction and others
Definition(s) of Curriculum

• Curriculum — is a structured set of learning outcomes or

task that educators usually call goals and objectives.
(Howell and Evans 1995)
• Curriculum — is the “what” of teaching.
• Curriculum — listings of subjects to be taught in school.
CURRICULUM
• A document which describes a structured series of learning
objectives and outcomes for a given subject matter area

• Includes a specification of what should be learned, how it

should be taught, and the plan for implementing/assessing the
learning
Curriculum Planning

• A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of

learning opportunities for a particular population of
learners.

• A Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.

Curriculum Planning

• A Curriculum Planning is the process whereby

the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning
opportunities are created.
Curriculum Planning

• It is the process of preparing for the duties of

teaching, deciding upon goals and emphases,
determining curriculum content, selecting learning
resources and classroom procedures, evaluating
progress, and looking toward next steps.
Curriculum Development

• It is defined as the process of selecting, organizing,

executing, and evaluating learning experiences on
the basis of the needs, abilities and interests of the
learners and the nature of the society or
community.
Curriculum Laboratory

• Curriculum laboratory is a place or workshop where

curriculum materials are gathered or used by teachers or
learners of curriculum.
• Resource Unit is a collection or suggested learning
activities and materials organized around a given topic or
area which a teacher might utilize in planning,
developing, and evaluating a learning unit.
Instruction

• Instruction is the purposeful direction of the learning

process and is one of the major teacher class activities
(along with planning and management). Professional
educators have developed a variety of models of
instruction, each designed to produce classroom learning.
Instruction

• Teaching/instruction includes behavioral systems,

information processing, personal development, and social
interaction that summarize the vast majority of
instructional methods.
PROGRAM OF STUDY

• Program of study means a curriculum of two or more

courses that is intended or understood to lead to a
degree, diploma, or certificate. It may include all or some
of the courses required for completion of a degree
program.
PROGAM OF STUDY

• Program of study or "plan of study" means planning a

sequence of academic, career and technical, or other
elective courses that (i) incorporate secondary education
and postsecondary education elements; (ii) include
coherent and rigorous content aligned with challenging
academic standards and relevant career and technical
content in a coordinated, nonduplicative progression of
courses that align secondary education with
postsecondary education to adequately prepare students
to succeed in postsecondary education;
PROGAM OF STUDY

• (iii) may include opportunity for secondary students to

participate in dual or concurrent enrollment programs or
other ways to acquire postsecondary education credits;
and (iv) lead to an industry-recognized credential,
license, or certificate or an associate degree at the
secondary or postsecondary level or a baccalaureate or
higher degree at the postsecondary level.
 Field Work

• Field work is the process of observing and collecting data

about people, cultures, and natural environments. Field
work is conducted in the wild of our everyday
surroundings rather than in the semi-controlled
environments of a lab or classroom.
 Field Work

• Fieldwork provides an 'unparalleled opportunity' to

study the real world;
• Student perceptions of field work tend to be
overwhelmingly positive;
• Fieldwork provides the opportunity to reinforce
classroom-based learning; and
• It increases students' knowledge, skills and subject
understanding.
 Field Work

• Field studies require integration of content knowledge,

observation and interpretation, analysis, experiment and
theory and all their representations (e.g. Ernst, 2006). All
lines of evidence need to come together to form a
coherent, internally consistent interpretation.
• Practices that are emphasized in the field instruction
such as question-asking, observation, representation, and
communication
 Course

• A course usually covers an individual subject. Courses

generally have a fixed program of sessions every week
during the term, called lessons or classes. Students may
receive a grade and academic credit after completion of
the course.
PURPOSE OF
CURRICULUM STUDY
Purpose of Curriculum Study

• At a national level, the purpose of a curriculum is to set

out an entitlement for all pupils to the knowledge and
learning that our society determines is the most powerful
and important for a well-rounded education.
Purpose of Curriculum Study

• In order to understand the role of teachers and classroom

instructors in curriculum design by looking at the
differences between the National Curriculum and the
curriculum at a school and classroom level more closely.
Purpose of Curriculum Study

• To redesign a more direct and comprehensive roadmap

for quality learning.
• Since curriculum is central to the goal of ensuring the
knowledge that is gained by learners is useful and
powerful during instruction, thus, teachers have to do
innovating and enacting the curriculum.Everyone
must be proactive in the implementation of the
curriculum through innovative and contextualized
application to the grassroots.
MARAJAW NA HAPON SA ATO TANAN…
FROM SURIGAO…