NAME – ANANYA TANDON

ROLL NO – 203005
SEMESTER – 2

Topic- Floor decoration across the globe

Flower arrangement -with special reference to Ikebana
FLOOR DECORATION
 RANGOLI
• Rangoli is an art form that is prominently known for its cultural and historic significance .
Rangoli is one of the most beautiful and most pleasing art forms of India
• It is comprised of two words ‘rang ‘ meaning colour and ‘aavalli’ meaning coloured creepers
or row of colours

• rangoli is also believed to be harbinger of goodluck . This art form is native to Nepal , India
and Bangladesh
 ORIGIN OF RANGOLI
• Lopamudra was the wife of a sage called, Augustya Rishi. She also wrote 2 portions of the
Rigveda (famous holy books). She and her husband lived in a remote place, away from
others. People would describe them as hermits.
• Lopamudra wanted help her husband in worshiping the gods, so she started to make rangoli,
a decoration for the Yagyakunda.
• Yagyakunda is what we call a place of worship.
• Lopamudra asked the Panchatatva (the five elements – sky, wind, water, earth, fire) to give
her colours to please her husband. She was able to collect blue from sky, green from water,
black from soil, red from fire and white from wind. She then added these colours to the
rangoli (made from ground rice, lentils, flowers and spices) which is why they look so
beautiful today.
 HISTORY OF RANGOLI
• Rangoli finds its roots in the Vedic times ,also according to many researchers this art form
dates back to the times of the caveman era
• to protect themselves from the evil and negative energies early humans used to draw
intricate patterns in geometric shapes to attract positive cosmic powers
• Many designs found in the Indus valley and Harrapan regions provided proof that earlier
civilizations also used such designs in various forms
• The modern designs have many straight lines and modern
Shapes but the first form predominantly contained the elements
Of nature
 TYPES OF RANGOLI
• India is land of many languages and hence this art form has different names in different
region

• KOLAM IN TAMILNADU
• Kolam was traditionally drawn using rice flour .
• native to Tamilnadu , Karnataka , Telangana. , Andrapradesh ,Kerala and some parts of goa
• The main purpose of Kolam was not decoration , Kolam is drawn in coarse rice flour so that
ants would not have to walk to far for a meal
• Along with ants Kolam encouraged harmonious existence by setting an invitation to birds
and other small creatures for meal
KOLAM
 MANDANA IN RAJASTHAN
• Named after the popular art of mandana paintings this kind of rangoli is native to the areas
of rajasthan
• Mandana is drawn to protect health , welcome god and mark the celebration of festivals
• Mandana is drawn with the help of piece of cotton or a rudimentary brush made out of a date
stick
 CHOWKPURANA IN CHATTISGARH
• Popular for its kaleidoscopic designs , chowkpurana is drawn using dried rice flour or other
form of white dust powder
• Considered auspicious , chaook also signifies showering of good luck an prosperity in the
family
 ALPANA IN WEST BENGAL
• The word ALPANA is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘alimpana’ alimpana means ‘ to
plaster
• Traditionally women of the house make alpana before the sunset
• to draw a alpana that stays for longer duration fabric colours along with portion of glue can
be used
 JHOTI IN ODISHA
• The traditional art is known as jhoti or chita in odisha
• Unlike in other areas , jhoti can alos be drawn on walls as well and is traditionslly s line art
drawing
• The white colour is obtained from a semi liquid paste of rice flour to draw thi stradional line
art
• Apart fro several designs and patterns used in jhoti , small foot marks of goddess Lakshmi
are amust
• Jhoti was drawn by women of the house to establish a relationship between the mystical and
the material
 ARIPANA IN BIHAR
• Aripana patterns are integral to almost every celebration in bihar houseold
• Drawn in the courtyard or the entrance
• Traditionally aripanas were drawn to make the cultivated land fertile and fruitful
• Made with fingers , the delicate designs are made with the help of rice paste or pittha
 MUGGU IN ANDRAPRADESH
• Known as MUGGUPINDI these rangoli patterns are drawn with a mixture of calcium or
chalk powder
• During festivals , the mixture is made of rice flour as an ioffering to ants , insects and
sparrows
 STEPS OF MAKING RANGOLI
• Choose the design you want to use
• decide where to draw your rangoli
• sketch the design outline on paper
• draw design outline in chalk on the floor
• thicken the outline of the design with the white chalk
• choose the material to use to fill in design
• fill the inside of rangoli with chosen materials
• add the final touches
FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
 WHAT IS FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT?
• It is an organization of design and colour towards creating an ambience using flowers ,
foliage and other floral accessories.

• These arrangements can be made out of fresh cut flowers , dried flowers , and artificial
flowers as well
 PRINCIPLES OF FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
• Design – it decides the structural pattern of flower arrangement
• Balance –it emphasizes on the use of material in a floral arrangement which gives stability to the arrangement
.
 The two most important elements of balance of an arrangement are the FORM and COLOUR of the floral
arrangement
• Scale - it deals with the proportions of different components of the floral arrangement
• Rhythm - it emphasizes on directing the viewers eyes along the main line arrangement so that the whole
shape of the composition is properly followed and understood
• Emphasis (focal point)– the central portion of the floral arrangement from where the flowers and foliage of
arrangement appear to be emerging from is known as the focal point of the arrangement
• Harmony and Unity – this principle takes care of the appropriate use of flower for the occasion . it also take
care of blending of colour of the flower used in the floral arrangement and that of container such that they
contrast each other
 WHAT IS IKEBANA?
• IKEBANA is a type of Japanese flower arrangement that incorporates blossoms, branches ,
leaves and stems
• IKEBANA – making flowers alive
• HISTORY OF IKEBANA
• Ikebana first arose from floral offerings left at Buddhist temples over 600 years ago ,
evolving through many iterations into secular art form
 TYPES OF FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
• Following are the types of flower arrangement
• Circular shape
• Triangular shape
• Crescent shape
• Fan shape
• ‘S’ shape
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOWERS
USED IN A FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
• 1 line flowers – have tall narrow profile and are used both vertically and horizontally to
establish an arrangement’s height and width.E.g- freesias,larkspur
• 2- focal flowers – these are the largest and showiest flowers in a flower arrangement E.g-
roses
• 3 – filler flowers – clusters of individual flowers on a single stem , provide colour and
body between line and focal flower. E.g-wax flowers
• 4- textured flowers – create visual interest.
• 5 – fragrant flowers – they add an unexpected and haunting dimension to flower
arrangement. E.g- lilac , freesia
 T
• The purpose of Ikebana
• IKEBANA is about reflecting harmony and balance between opposing elements – for
example between life and decay or between extravagance and simplicity . Flower , leaves ,
branches and stems are arranged to reflect the beauty of nature and evoke emotions in viewers
• COMMON ELEMENTS OF AN IKEBANA ARRANGEMENT
• The basic elements of all IKEBANA arrangements are colour , line , and mass . Ikebana
symbolizes the beauty of all components of the natural world working in harmony.
• Ikebana practitioner don’t just use flowers and greenery but also can add twigs , moss, stones
and even fruit.
• Duality is also a prominent element of ikebana
 THE PRINCIPLES OF IKEBANA
• MINIMALISM – less is more is a common theme in ikebana . The goal is to evoke strong emotions with few
elements
• ASYMMETRY – an important component in ikebana . Arrangements that tactically use asymmetry can create
interest .
• HARMONY - principles in design do not necessarily mean symmetry but rather the balance between different
flowers and elements in a composition
• WABI- SABI- refers to emotional responses to art or nature.
• Wabi is associated with melancholy , nostalgia , desolation and loneliness.
• Sabi is associated durability, timelessness, and restraint
• EPHEMERAL - transitory nature of reality. IKEBANA arrangement by their very nature are not meant to be
permanent but last for a certain period of time
• SPATIAL DIMENSIONS – the lines of the composition capture and guide the attention of the viewer
• COLOUR- are carefully selected in ikebana to create a unified arrangement
 THE THREE PRIME STEMS OF
IKEBANA
•Subject stem or shin – tallest stem
•Secondary stem or soe – second tallest stem
• object or tai or hikae- the shortest stem
•SHIN-the tallest stem used in IKEBANA arrangement . It symbolizes heaven and placed at a 10 degree from the central axis . It is responsible for
providing the height of the arrangement
•The length of this stem is one and half to two times the diameter or height of the container
• SOE -THE SECOND STEM used in ikebana is soe it is placed next to heaven or behind it at a angle of 45 degree to the central axis the length of
soe is ¾ of shin and it provide the maximum width possible to the arrangement .
This stem symbolises MAN
HIKAE - it is the third stem placed on the opposite side of the soe at a angle of 75 degree to the central axis . The height of
HIKAE is half of SOE . It symbolises’ EARTH’
THE OTHER TWO STEMS USED IN IKEBANA ARE
MOUNTAINS –LIES BETWEEN HEAVEN AND MAN
MEADOW – LIES BETWEEN MAN AND EARTH
THE ADDITIONAL STEMS WHEN USED ARE KNOWN AS ‘JUSHIS ‘
 STYLES OF IKEBABANA
• 1 RIKKA – the oldest form of IKEBANA derived from the Buddhist tradition . RIKKA uses
9 or 7 stem position to guide flower placements . It also uses pine or other tree branches to
complement the flowers
•
 NAGEIRABANA
OR THROWN IN
it breaks from the 9 prescribed positions and showcases flower in their living form
.Associated with Zen BUDDHISM ,Nageirabana expresses the form of flowering plant in a
vase

Core principle of Nageirabana : any flower can be used and no container is too humble
 SEIKA
• Also called shoka
• Seika was a variation that evolved out of Nageirabana
• Seika kept several core principles and distilled them into a simple form of three parts
representing heaven, man and earth
• Traditionally they use a triangular , asymmetrical structure
 CHABANA
• Chabana refers to a specific variation of Ikebana used for ‘ tea ceremonies ‘
• Chabana can be considered a variation of nageirabana that uses only the flowers themselves
and vase
 MORIBANA
• Moribana was founded by the OHARA school of art.
• Moribana itself has a number of forms which include – Hana-isho, Heika , Hanamai
• These form themselves shave variation that focuses on different purposes
• three basic types of Moribana are-
• water reflecting Moribana
• upright Moribana
• slanted Moribana
 MORIBANA
• Water reflecting Moribana

• Upright moribana
• Slanted moribana
 SCHOOLS OF IKEBANA
• Today there are more than 3000 iIebana schools but the largest and most popular include
• IKENOBO
• OHARA
• SOGETSU
• CHIKO
THANK YOU