Developmental

Theories (IECA)
Eunice Faith Manuel
Berto is a grade 7 student who has
the habit of sucking his thumb and
biting his nail, especially is he is
tensed. He is most of the time
being teased by his classmates
because of such behavior that is
why he only has few friends. He
follows orders of his parents and
teacher because he is afraid of
being punished. He seems not to
perform well academically.
ISSUE
Following orders of his parents and teachers
because of being punished (stressor)
 
Note: KOHLBERG (Preconventional Level)
Stage 1 Punishment/Obedience
-the student’s moral reasoning is based on the
consequence or result of the act, not on the
whether the act itself is good / bad.
-the student is motivated by fear of punishment.
He will act to avoid punishment
 
Analysis: Based on the situation, the primary
reason behind Berto’s behavior is because of his
fear of being punished.
RECOMMENDATION

•Verify first of the statement.

•-If the statement is true, then counselling the parents, teachers,
and the student is important.
•-Identify the reasons why they punish Berto. If the reason for
them to punish Berto is because of his poor performance at
school, then encourage the parents and the teachers to set goals
with him. Also, encourage the parents to spend time with him in
studying.
•- Variable-ratio schedule of partial reinforcement can be applied
for his accomplishments for him to be intrinsically motivated. 
•Example of reward: Give what he likes. If playing games, give
extra time. If he likes to read, bring him to a bookstore and buy a
book that he likes. Healthy snacks.
 ISSUE
Being bullied and having few friends
Erikson (Industry or Inferiority)
-Children who aren’t allowed to “be children”
are the ones that parents, or teachers push into
one area of competence, without allowing the
development of broader interests.

RECOMMENDATION
-In FCPC, this case should be referred to SDO for
standard procedure in handling bullying cases, as
written in the student handbook.
-Encourage students to participate in Anti-bullying
campaigns such as wearing of T-shirts every Friday.
-Group activities where he can work with his classmates
for them to know and learn from each other.
-Encourage them to spend more time with him.
-Introducing him to other people with same interests as
his is also a good way to encourage him to interact with
other people.
ISSUE
Seems not to be performing well
academically

RECOMMENDATION
-Help him in setting goals (SMART)
-Guide him to discover his skills.
-Make him see that failing is part of learning
-Provide individual and group activities to
develop his cognitive skills.
-personally speaking, I play brain training
games to improve my thinking skills.