Monitoring Gaseous Pollutants

Wet Chemical Methods

Ozone
 Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants
Choices for Wet Chemical Methods
Pollutants that can be easily monitored:
• SO2 – West & Gaeke method
• Nox – Sodium-Arsenite method
• NH3 – Indophenol blue method
• Ozone
Choices of hardware:
• APM411 Attachment with RDS
• APM411TE Attachment with RDS
• APM433 Independent Gaseous Sampler
Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants
The new APM 411TE
Gaseous Sampling Attachment
• Thermoelectric Coolers keep the
impingers at a cool 15ºC even when
ambient temperature reaches 40ºC
• Built-in thermostat avoids absorbing
reagent freezing in winter nights.
• Modified Flow Control Needle Valve
Assembly and filter dryer tubes
maintain pre-set sampling rate.
• Dryer tubes have indicating blue-
silica gel and can be re-used after a
suitable bake.
• Impingers conform to BIS
 APM 433 Gaseous Sampler
Specially tailored for Wet Chemical Methods
Hardware Included to Facilitate Stand Alone Operation:
• Diaphragm Pump
• Timer
• Time Totalizer
Important Changes:
• Pump provides enough suction pressure to allow use of
fritted impinger – needed for NOx
• One Impinger with Fritted-disc provided with each unit.
• Impinger designed for Ozone monitoring provided as an
Optional Accessory
UV ABSORPTION METHOD for
Measurement of Ozone
• Ozone is continuously measured by ultraviolet absorption
photometry.
• In the ultraviolet analyzer, a mercury vapor lamp is used to produce
ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm which is absorbed by the ozone
in the air sample. The ozone signal is determined by the
difference between ambient air containing ozone and ambient
air with the ozone removed or scrubbed.
• The ultraviolet analyzer is calibrated by comparison with an ozone
photometer which is certified as a transfer standard. The transfer
standard is certified against absolute ozone photometers located at
the California Air Resources Board test and laboratory facilities or
NIST. The minimum detectable level of UV monitors is about 2-5
ppbv.
 UV ABSORPTION METHOD
• Interference's
• Water vapor may also interfere with the UV method when water vapor
concentrations are high and variable. These interference's appear to be
due to the condensation of water vapor on imperfect absorption cell
windows and Ozone scrubber.
• In tropical area we recommend the installation of heated “ Ozone Scrubber”
to reduce interference's from water vapour.
 EC9810 Principle

S ample Microproces s or
Inlet
O3 Output
P articulate
Filter

Detec tor

UV s ource Abs orption

(Meas urement Cell)

exhaus t
 EC9810 Operation
The EC9810 ozone monitor is a US EPA equivalent method (U.V.)
photometer. This measurement principal is based on the ozone’s
characteristics of absorbing U.V.light at a wavelength of 253.7 nm.
Two measurements of a U.V. lamp’s light intensities are taken in a
measurement cycle. In the first, an air sample is passed directly to
the sample cell, the second is directed through the ozone scrubber.
The scrubber function is to selectively remove the ozone from the
sample for the reference portion of the measurement cycle,leaving
all other potential interference’s intact. These interference’s are
then compensated by the differential process of subtracting the
measurement cycle from the reference cycle to produce an ozone
measurement.
 Theory of operation cont.
– To avoid interference from a number of compounds absorbing light at
254 nm, the predominant wavelength emitted by the UV lamp, such
compounds include aromatics HC,NO, SO2,H2O and others including
instability of the light source. The scrubber selectively removes O3 but
passes the interfering compounds. Thus, the intensity ratio described in
the previous paragraph is a function of only ozone absorption.
 Ozone Analyzers in use in
India
• Envirotech commissioned the first Ozone
Analyzer at Hyderabad in 2006
• Early users of Ozone Analyzers supplied by
Envirotech:
– Tata Power, Mumbai
– UP Pollution Control Board – Kanpur, Varanasi and
Agra
– Sri Ramchandra Institute, Chennai
– Annamalai University, Chennai
– NIT, Trichy
 Siting of Monitoring Station
Note that ozone is a reactive gas that is absorbed by vegetation,
measurements should therefore be carried out well away from plant
life. O3 Networks should sample 3-5m above ground level and more
than 20 m away from trees. Sampling manifolds should be made of
material that is inert to ozone, such as glass, Teflon,FEP, residence
time of the sample gas should be as short as possible. The sample
lines to the analyzer should be kept as short as possible to avoid
losses, and should be thermally isolated to prevent condensation.
Any ambient NO present in the sample air will react with some of
the ozone during the residence time in the sample line.
 EC9810 Specifications
• Ozone Range: 0 - 20 ppm
• Resolution: 0.001 ppm
• Precision : 0.001 ppm
• Zero drift 30 day: 0.001 ppm
• Span drift 30 day: 0.002 ppm/C0 or 0.5%
• Temperature range: 5 - 40 C0
• EPA designated range: 0 - 50 to 0 - 1000 ppb
• Sample flow: 0 - 0.5 to 0 - 0.75 slpm