MOMENTuM

AND IMPULSE
Lesson Objectives
• Operationally define momentum
• Compare the momentum of different moving objects
• Identify the factors that affect momentum
• Explain how these factors affect momentum
• Describe changes in momentum in terms of force and time
• Solve variety of problems using the formula of impulse-
momentum theorem
• Derive different formulas out of impulse-momentum
theorem
• Explain how momentum and impulse can be applied in
real life situation
• Cite tips on on how to avoid vehicular accidents
Integration of Essential Character
Qualities and Megaskills
• Showing respect when someone is
sharing opinions and ideas
• Discuss ideas and opinions with ease
and confidence
• Collaboration with other students during
group activities
• Perform activities following scientific
method to solve problems
• Creativity in performing assign tasks
 LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s laws of Statement Illustration
Motion

An object at rest tends to stay at

Inertia rest and an object in motion tends
to stay in motion unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
Acceleration Force equals mass times
acceleration.

Action and For every action there is an equal

Reaction and opposite reaction.
 Challenge Activity!

CAN YOU ARRANGE THE

OBJECTS ACCORDING TO
INCREASING MAGNITUDE OF
MOMENTUM. ASSUME THAT
ALL OF THE OBJECTS ARE
MOVING IN THEIR MAXIMUM
SPEED.
 I WILL GIVE YOU SOME CLUE!!!

An object with a lot

of momentum is
hard to stop.
ASSUME THAT ALL OF THE OBJECTS ARE MOVING IN THEIR MAXIMUM
SPEED. ARRANGE THEM ACCORDING TO INCREASING MAGNITUDE OF
MOMENTUM

2
5
4
3
1
ASSUME THAT ALL OF THE OBJECTS ARE MOVING IN THEIR MAXIMUM
SPEED. ARRANGE THEM ACCORDING TO INCREASING MAGNITUDE OF
MOMENTUM

2
1
5
3

4
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS YOU CONSIDER
IN ARRANGING THE OBJECTS?

VELOCITY velocity

MASS mass
 SO, WHAT IS
MOMENTUM???

Momentum is the
product of mass and velocity
 LET’S START WITH EVERYDAY
LANGUAGE
What do you say when a sports
team is on a roll?
They may not have the lead but
they may have ___________

MOMENTUM

A team that has momentum is hard

to stop.
 WHAT IS MOMENTUM?

An object with a lot of momentum is also hard to

stop

Momentum
p = mv
Units: kg∙m/s
m=mass
v=velocity
Momentum is also a vector (it has direction)
 LET’S PRACTICE
A 120 000 g truck drives west at 25 m/s for 3
hours. What is the truck’s momentum?
Identify the variables:
120 000 g change to 120kg = mass
25m/s, west = velocity
3 hours = time

P = mv = 1200 x 25 = 30000 kg m/s, west

 WHAT ARE THE SIMILARITIES
AND DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE TWO SITUATION?
WHICH OF THE TWO
IS HARD STOP?
SO, WHAT DO YOU NEED
TO STOP AN OBJECT???

FORCE
TIME
 HOW HARD IS IT TO STOP A
MOVING OBJECT?
To stop an object, we have to apply a force
over a period of time.
This is called Impulse

Impulse = FΔt
Impulse: N∙s
F = force (N)
Δt = time elapsed (s)
 HOW HARD IS IT TO STOP A
MOVING OBJECT?
Using Newton’s 2nd Law we get
FΔt= mΔv

Which means
Impulse = change in momentum
 PRACTICE PROBLEM

A 57 gram tennis ball falls on a tile floor. The

ball changes velocity from -1.2 m/s to +1.2 m/s
in 0.02 s. What is the average force on the ball?
Identify the variables:
Mass = 57 g = 0.057 kg
Δvelocity = +1.2 – (-1.2) = 2.4 m/s
Time = 0.02 s
using FΔt= mΔv
F x (0.02 s) = (0.057 kg)(2.4 m/s)
F= 6.84 N
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM

FΔt= mΔv
APPLICATION
Used by highway-safety engineers
to determine stopping time and safe
following distances for cars and
trucks.
 STOPPING DISTANCE

The ​distance travelled

between the ​time when
someone ​decides to ​stop a ​
vehicle ​
moving, and the ​
time when the ​vehicle ​
completely ​stops
 APPLICATION OF
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
 APPLICATION OF
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IN THIS KIND OF SITUATION?
CAN YOU SPOT THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE???

1980
Model

2020
Model
 CRUMPLE ZONE
a part of a motor vehicle, especially the
extreme front and rear, designed to crumple
easily in a crash and absorb the main force of
an impact.
COMMON SCENARIO IN THE STREET
 Valuing
What are the road
safety
tips and defensive
driving skills to
avoid vehicular
accidents?
THINGS TO PREPARE BEFORE A
LONG DRIVE...
• Keep at a safe distance behind other vehicles.
• Ensure your mobile phone is switched off or diverted while you are driving.
• Be especially alert at high pedestrian areas such as shopping centers and
crossings.
• Slow down in pedestrian areas such as schools, kindergartens and shops.
• Drop back or move across to allow for merging traffic.
• Ensure your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is below the legal limit prior to
driving.
• Approach intersections with caution, at a speed that allows you to stop if
necessary.
• Be courteous and considerate to all other road users.
• Plan your route well ahead so that you do not 'cut in' on other drivers.
Think-Pair-Share!
 BREAKOUT ACTIVITY

Using a shared google docs,

answer
Activity Worksheets on
Impulse and Momentum
uploaded in
Eliza
 ACTIVITY WORKSHEETS

Momentum and Impulse

1. What is the velocity of the 700grams ball that has a momentum of 1.4kg.m/s?

2. A 25-kg boy is riding a 12-kg bicycle moving at 4.5m/s. What is the total
momentum of the boy and the bicycle together?

3. A van traveling at 25m/s has a momentum of 62 500kg.m/s. What is the mass of

the van?

4. The momentum of a car is 3.0 x 104 kg m/s. The mass of the car is 1 500 000g.
What is the speed of the car?

5. A 1200 kg car crashed into a wall. The impulse is 4000 N-s and the impact time is
0.5 s. What is the impact force on the car?
 ANSWERS

1.0.5m/s
2.166.5kg.m/s
3.2500kg
 THINK-AT-RIGHT ANGLES!
List the facts that you learned in Column A and write
what you learned about them in Column B.
___________________________

A
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

B
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
__________________________________________