WASTES

AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
WHY IS THE RECYCLING IMPORTANT?

On the left, AVERAGE METAL QUANTITIES ON THE RIGHT, THE MINE QUANTITIES NEED
REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE CAR. TO BE PROCESSED TO PRODUCE THE METAL
IN LEFT COLUMN.
 WHY IS THE RECYCLING IMPORTANT?

-RESOURCES ARE IMPORTANT. YOU CAN

EASILY OBTAIN VALUABLE THINGS (LIKE
METALS) FROM THE WASTES.
-IT IS MORE ECONOMICAL FOR MOST TIME.
TURKISH BASIC LAW (CONSTITUTION) 82
CONSTITUTION
LAW 56
–Everyone has the right to live in a healthy and
balanced environment.
–It is the duty of the State and citizens to improve
the environment, protect the environment and
prevent environmental pollution.
HIERARCHY OF LAWS
– TURKISH FUNDAMENTAL LAW

– TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

(1983)

– THE OTHER REGULATIONS

 THE TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
AND TURKISH WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION

– THE TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND THE OTHER

REGULATIONS REGARDING THIS LAW WERE PREPARED
ACCORDING TO LAW 56 OF THE TURKISH CONSTITUTION.

– THE TURKISH WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION WAS

PREPARED BASED ON THE TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW.
 WASTE MANAGEMENT LAWS OF
SOME COUNTRIES
– In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
regulates all waste material under the 1976 Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA).
– In india, The Environmental Protection Act, was enacted in 1986.
– In China, Environmental Protection Law was enacted in 1989.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN WASTES AND TAILINGS?
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
WASTES AND TAILINGS?

– Waste: The unused or disposable part of the substances we use to meet

our needs. The properties of the wastes are different from the main
substances. Waste is any substance that is used, which is no longer
wanted and is harmful to the environment.
EXAMPLES FOR WASTES
– FINISHED BATTERIES, USED OIL, USELESS ANY ELECTRONIC DEVICES (E-
WASTES), ETC…
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
WASTES AND TAILINGS?

– Tailings: Excess parts of the any materials. They have the same
properties with their main (raw) materials.
EXAMPLES FOR TAILINGS
– UNEATEN FOODS, UNEATEN BREADS, USED PAPERS OR BROKEN
GLASSES, ETC…
– HOWEVER, THE CURRENT TERMINOLOGY USES
‘WASTE’ TERM FOR BOTH WASTE AND TAILINGS
(RESIDUAL).
– SO, WE WILL USE ‘WASTE’ TERM AFTER THIS POINT.
BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE
WASTES BY USAGE AREAS
Domestic waste (garbage)
Recyclable waste (plastics, papers)
Cutter wastes such as broken glass and needles
Chemical waste
Biological and medical waste
Radioactive waste
Electronic waste (E-waste)
BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE
WASTES BY PHYSICAL STATES

–SOLID WASTES
- LIQUID WASTES
- GAS WASTES
 Classification of Solid Wastes
– Solid wastes are named according to where they are formed.
– • Domestic solid wastes
– • Medical solid wastes
– • Hazardous solid waste
– • Industrial solid wastes
– • Agricultural and garden wastes
– • Construction residues and debris
– • Nuclear waste.
 Domestic Solid Wastes

– As a result of daily activities, domestic solid wastes can be formed. They do not have dangerous and
harmful properties. They are produced in the home environment. Food waste, household waste,
packaging materials (glass bottles, paper, cardboard, tin cans), fuel waste (ash) are some of them.
 MEDICAL SOLID WASTES
– Medical wastes is of great importance due to its infectious and
hazardous nature.
– Requires special disposal methods.
 Hazardous solid waste
– They are basically hazardous chemical materials. They can be
dangerous for the human health.
 Industrial solid wastes
– Industrial waste. Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity. They include any
material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries,
mills, and mining operations. It has existed since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
 Agricultural and garden wastes
(GREEN WASTES)
– Green waste, also known as "biological waste," is any organic waste that can
be composted. It is most usually composed of refuse from gardens such as
grass clippings or leaves, and domestic or industrial kitchen wastes.
– They can be used as fertilizer.
 Construction residues and debris
– Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials consist of the
debris generated during the construction, renovation and
demolition of buildings, roads, and bridges.
 NUCLEAR (RADIOACTIVE) WASTES

– Nuclear waste is the material that nuclear fuel becomes after it is used in a

reactor. They contain radioactive material. Radioactive waste is usually a by-
product of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear
fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine.
 DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTES

– They are stored in lead containers. Because the lead is radiation-

proof.
– They are stored at approximately 600-1000 m underground. It is
planned to be buried in rocky areas without groundwater and without
earthquake risk.
– They can be left deep in the seas.
 LIQUID WASTES
– Wastes such as waste oils, chemical liquids, factory waste liquids, sewage water, etc. are considered as
liquid wastes.
– Liquid wastes are mixed with soil and damage to plants and trees. They cause pollution by mixing with
groundwater. They can be transported to lakes and seas by streams and contaminate drinking water
resources. They cause fish to die by poisoning.
 WASTE OILS CAN BE RECOVERED BY
BURNING
– 1- In Cement Plants
– 2- Gypsum Plants
– 3- In Lime Plants
– 4- Clay drying ovens
– 5- In iron and steel blast furnaces
– 6- In Power Plants
– It can be used by adding to the existing fuel.

WASTE OILS CAN BE CONVERTED INTO

ENERGY SOURCES
 LIQUID WASTES

– Waste water Treatment is a process used to convert wastewater into

an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum
impact on the environment, or directly reused.
BASIC FLOWSHEET OF THE WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
 GAS WASTES

– Gas wastes originate from nuclear power plants, industrial facilities, vehicles,
landfills, fires and fossil fuel use.
– WASTE GASES MAY CONTAIN HAZARDOUS GASES SUCH AS SOX, CO, CO2.
– WASTE GASES SHOULD BE PURIFIED FROM HARMFUL GASES BEFORE RELEASING TO
THE ATMOSPHERE.
 EVALUATION OF WASTE GAS

– IF WASTE GASES CONTAIN HIDROCARBONES SUCH AS METHANE,

ETHANE, PROPAN, THEY CAN BE USED FOR ENERGY
PRODUCTION.
WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
FIRST OPTION
PREVENTION

REDUCE

REUSE

RECYCLING

ENERGY RECOVERY

DISPOSAL

LAST OPTION