Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Measurement
Slope and DFTC
Methods
Reference
Asperity Effects
Circles
Eccentricity Flatness
and Run-out Measurement
Straightness
Filters and Harmonics
Measurement
Distortion due to
Cosine Error
Magnification
Roundness Contents
Stylus
Force
Measurement of
Interrupted Surfaces
Error Separation
Kinematic
Mounting
Cylindricity Contents
Methods of cylindricity
Introduction
Measurement
Instrument Measurement
Requirements Problems
Reference Straightness to
Cylinders Cylinder Axes
Cylindricity
Terminology
Cylindricity
Measurement
Technique
Why Measure Roundness ?
Functionality
Why Measure Roundness ?
Functionality
Running cost
Why Measure Roundness ?
Functionality
Running Cost
Cosmetics
Why Measure Roundness ?
Efficiency
Effects Out of Roundness
Vibration
A A A
A
B B
B
B
Effects Out of Roundness
Vibration
Wear A A A
A
B B
B
B
Main
Menu
– Has limitations
Plug gauge
GAUGE
Spindle
How do we measure roundness
Spindle
Gauge
GAUGE
GAUGE
Effective Length
Stylus Tip
Main
Menu
100mm
± 1mm
200mm
± 2mm
10 µm
90°
180° 0°
270°
How do we measure roundness
Spindle
Gauge
Stylus
Processing
GAUGE
Data point 1
180° 0°
Component
centre
270°
How do we measure roundness
90°
Spindle
Axis
180° 0°
Component
centre
270°
How do we measure roundness
Table
Rotation
GAUGE
Reference Circles
Least Squares Circle
Minimum Zone
Maximum Inscribed
Minimum
Circumscribed
Reference Circles
Least Squares Circle LEAST SQUARES CIRCLE.
MAX. VALLEY
MAX. PEAK
OUT OF ROUNDNESS = P + V.
Reference Circles
OUT OF ROUNDNESS = R
Minimum Zone Circle R
R
OUT OF ROUNDNESS = R
Reference Circles
Minimum R
Circumscribed Circle
180 0
DATUM POINT
E = ECCENTRICITY VALUE
O = ECCENTRICITY ANGLE
(IN THIS CASE 130 )
270
90°
180° 0°
270°
THP TR265
E 10 µm
135 deg
90°
Wrong Position
180° 0°
270°
THP TR265 90°
E 10 µm
135 deg
90°
180° 0°
180° 0°
270°
270°
THP TR265
E 10 µm
135 deg
90°
135 deg
180° 0°
270°
Run-Out
Run-Out
NEAREST POINT
ON PROFILE.
R = RUNOUT
DATUM POINT
Component
180° centre 0°
Datum
Axis
270°
1 st Harmonic
2nd Harmonic
SPINDLE
AXIS
3rd Harmonic
Wheel
Wheel
3rd Harmonic
4th Harmonic
Machine
Chatter
Filters and Harmonics
Undulations per
revolution UPR
Harmonic
Filters
Filters and Harmonics
Unfiltered
PROFILE SHOWING
8th AND 60th
HARMONICS
Filters and Harmonics
1-15 upr filter
15-500 U.P.R
FILTER
Stylus tip diameter
Eccentricity of wheel
x
100 RPM
6000 RPM
Main
Menu
60th
Harmonic
Distortion due to Magnification
Distortion due to Magnification
Distortion due to Magnification
Distortion due to Magnification
x1
Distortion due to Magnification
x10
Distortion due to Magnification
x20
Distortion due to Magnification
x35
Main
Menu
x50
Data Points
LSC
Decceleration
Acceleration
Slope
Slope
Slope = R - r
O
O R
r
Main
Menu
DFTC
Leakage
Asperity Effects
Asperity Effects
Original Datum
Shifted Datum
Asperity Effects
LEAST SQUARES CIRCLE. LEAST SQUARES CIRCLE.
Main
Menu
Asperity Effects
LEAST SQUARES CIRCLE.
LSC Centre
LS Reference Plane
Flatness P-V
Flatness Measurement
Radius of Measurement
Run-out
Main
Menu
Flatness Measurement
Radius of Measurement
Squareness
Datum Axis
Straightness Measurement
Main
Menu
0.02
mm
How is cylindricity different
from other Parameters ?
Combination of Errors
Why measure Cylindricity ?
Component
mating FUEL LEAKAGE
Why Measure Cylindricity ?
Component
Mating
Main
Menu
Component
mating
Increased
Efficiency
Instrument Requirements
Instrument Requirements
Instrument Requirements
Radial Form
COMPONENT
GAUGE
SPINDLE
Instrument Requirements
Radial Form
Axial Form
COMPONENT VERTICAL
STRAIGHTNESS
UNIT
Main
Menu
Instrument Requirements
Radial Form
Axial Form
Positioning
Reference Cylinders
Reference Cylinders
CYLINDER
Minimum Zone AXIS
P-V
Reference Cylinders
CYLINDER
AXIS
Minimum Zone P-V
Minimum
Circumscribed
Reference Cylinders
CYLINDER
Minimum Zone AXIS
Minimum
Circumscribed
Maximum Inscribed
P-V
Reference Cylinders
Minimum Zone
Minimum
Circumscribed
Maximum Inscribed
Least Squares
CYLINDER
AXIS
Main
Menu
Reference Cylinders
CYLINDER
AXIS
P
V
Cylindricity Terminology
Cylinder parallelism
D1
LEAST SQUARES
LINE THROUGH
PROFILE DATA
AT CROSS SECTION
D2
DATUM
Total Run-out AXIS
TOTAL
RUN-OUT
CYLINDER
AXIS
Cylindricity Terminology
DATUM
AXIS
Total Run-out
Co-axiality
(DIN)
COMPONENT
AXIS
CO-AXIALITY
VALUE
Main
Menu
Cylindricity Terminology
DATUM AXIS
Total Run-out
Coaxiality
(DIN) COMPONENT
AXIS
Coaxiality
(ISO)
Axis
planes
Radial
Departure 1
4
Main
Menu
Measurement Technique
Vertical
accuracy COMPONENT
RESULT
COLUMN
Methods Of Cylindricity
Measurement
Circumferential section Method
Bird Cage Method
Wire Cage view
Generatrix Method
Points Method
Helical line method
Main
Menu
4
Cylindricity measurement
Problems
Tilt Correction
Instability of the MC Cylinder
Effects of Asperities
ASPERITY
SHIFTED ORIGINAL
DATUM DATUM
Error in cylinder Error in cylinder
+ unknown + unknown
Main
Menu
90°
270°
Cosine Errors
90°
180° 0°
Measurement direction
Point of contact
270°
Cosine Errors
90°
45°
180° 0° Measurement direction
Point of contact
270°
Cosine Errors
Deviation
90°
45°
Deflection
45°
0°
Cosine Errors
Main
Menu
Cosine Errors
Measuring direction
Further
Information
Measurement of
Interrupted surfaces
Interrupted surfaces
Interrupted surfaces
Base Line
Total data removed
Edge level
Gauge underrange
Gauge underrange
Main
Menu
Interrupted surfaces
Gauge underrange
Error Separation
Error Separation
Component Error
and spindle error Combined error
Error Separation
90°
135° 45°
180° 0°
Hemisphere
Rotary Table
Error separation
+2 +3
-3 -2 -2
45° -1 45°
0° +2 0° +1
+3 +4
+0 -3 +1
-2
-1 -2
Component Error Spindle Error
Error separation
Component/Table position
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 Spindle
error
0 3 0 3 -2 4 -1 0 1 1
Spindle position
45 -3 0 -5 1 -4 -3 -2 0 -2
90 5 0 6 1 2 3 5 2 3
135 -5 1 -4 -3 -2 0 -3 0 -2
180 7 2 3 4 6 3 6 1 4
225 -5 -4 -3 -1 -4 -1 -6 0 -3
270 -3 -2 0 -3 0 -5 1 -4 -2
315 1 3 0 3 -2 4 -1 0 1
Total error 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Main
Menu
Error separation
Combined Error Spindle error Component error
0 3 1 2
45 -3 -2 -1
90 5 3 2
135 -5 -2 -3
180 7 4 3
225 -5 -3 -2
270 -3 -2 -1
315 1 1 0
Kinematic Mounting
Kinematic Mounting
Kinematic Mounting
Kinematic Mounting
Main
Menu
Kinematic Mounting
Ruby and sapphire styli
Effective stylus
tip radius
Hatchet radius
Hatchet and bar styli
GAUGE
Metal Air
Hatchet and bar styli
Hatchet and bar styli