Our human and social biology

assignment based on coordination

and control
POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION
MEMBERS OF THE
GROUP
 SHANTELLE WASHINGTON
 JADA MENDONCA
 MONITA GIDDINGS
 AKEILA JOHNSON
 SAFRON GRENVILLE
 SHANIA DAW
 JAMAL WELCH
 NIYONA SAUL
 TRENACE LAMBERT
 WINETA ST.JOHN
 BEYONCE CHARLES
COORIDINATION AND CONTROL

THERE ARE TWO MAIN

COORDINATION SYSTEMS IN THE
BODY, NAMELY THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM AND THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM.
THESE TWO SYSTEMS WORK IN
DIFFERENT WAYS TO ENSURE THAT
ORGANS THROUGHOUT THE BODY
WORK TOGETHER EFFICIENTLY.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS A HIGHLY

COMPLEX PART OF AN ANIMAL THAT
COORDINATES ITS ACTIONS AND
SENSORY INFORMATION BY
TRANSMITTING SIGNALS TO AND
FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF ITS BODY.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ALSO

ENABLES HUMANS TO REACT TO
THEIR SURROUNDINGS AND
COORDINATE THEIR BEHAVIOUR.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS COMPRISED
OF MILLIONS OF NEURONS AND USES
ELECTRICAL PULSES TO
COMMUNICATE VERY QUICKLY.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

 THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS

SYSTEM INVOLVES THE STIMULUS,
RECEPTOR CELLS THAT DETECT
SPECIFIC STIMULI, NERVE CELLS
THAT CONNECT RECEPTOR TO
EFFECTOR AND THE EFFECTOR
WHICH IS A MUSCLE OR A GLAND
THAT IS STIMULATED TO GIVE A
RESPONSE TO THE STIMULUS.
IN SUMMARY:

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS A

SPECIALIZED SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES
COORDINATION AND CONTROL IN
ANIMALS AND HUMANS.
ALL INFORMATION COMING FROM OUR
ENVIRONMENT IS DETECTED BY THE
SPECIALIZED TIPS OF SOME NERVE
CELLS WHICH ARE USUALLY LOCATED
IN SOME SENSE ORGANS.
TWO MAIN DIVISIONS OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF
TWO(2) MAIN DIVISIONS NAMELY:
 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)-
WHICH INCLUDES THE BRAIN AND THE
SPINAL CHORD
 THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)-WHICH INCLUDES THE SPINAL
NERVES, CRANIAL NERVES AND THE
AUTONOMIC NERVES,
PICTURE SHOWING THE PNS AND
CNS
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS)
THE BRAIN
 The brain is an amazing three-pound organ that
controls all functions of the body, interprets
information from the outside world, and
embodies the essence of the mind and soul.
 Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory
are a few of the many things governed by the
brain.
 Protected within the skull, the brain is
composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and
brainstem.
THE BRAIN

The brain receives information through our five

senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing -
often many at one time.
It assembles the messages in a way that has
meaning for us, and can store that information in
our memory.
The brain controls our thoughts, memory and
speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the
function of many organs within our body.
PARTS OF THE BRAIN

THE THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE BRAIN

ARE:
THE CEREBRUM- IS THE LARGEST PART
OF THE BRAIN.
CEREBELLUM- IS LOCATED UNDER THE
CEREBRUM.
BRAINSTEM- ACTS AS A RELAY CENTER,
CONNECTING TE CEREBRUM AND THE
CEREBELLUM TO THE SPINAL CHORD.
THE CEREBRUM

THE CEREBRUM IS THE LARGEST PART

OF THE BRAIN AND IS COMPOSED OF
LEFT AND RIGHT HEMISPHERES.
IT PERFORMS HIGHER FUNCTIONS
LIKE INTERPRETING TOUCH, VISION
AND HEARING, AS WELL AS SPEECH,
REASONING, EMOTIONS AND FINE
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT.
THE CEREBELLUM

THE CEREBELLUM IS LOCATED

UNDER THE CEREBRUM.
ITS FUNCTION IS TO COORDINATE
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS, MAINTAIN
POSTURE AND BALANCE.
THE BRAINSTEM

THE BRAINSTEM ACTS AS A

RELAY SYSTEM CONNECTING THE
CEREBRUM AND CEREBELLUM TO
THE SPINAL CHORD. IT PERFORMS
MANY AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONS
SUCH AS BREATHING, HEART
RATE, WAKE AND SLEEP CYCLES,
BODY TEMPERATURES E.T.C
PICTURE SHOWING THE 3 MAIN
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS MADE UP

OF THREE MAIN PARTS NAMELY:
THE SPINAL NERVE- WHICH IS A MIXED NERVE
THE CRANIAL NERVE- ARE PAIRS OF NERVES
THAT CONNECT YOUR BRAIN, NECK AND TRUNK.
THE AUTONOMIC SYSTEM- IS A CONTROL
SYSTEM THAT ACTS UNCONSIOUSLY AND
REGULATES BODY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS HEART
RATE, DIGESTION, RESPIRATORY RATE E.T.C
NEURONS AND NERVES

NEURON is an individual specialized cell which are

primarily involved in transmitting information
through electrical and chemical signals.
They are found in the brain, spinal cord and the
peripheral nerves.
Neuron is also known as the nerve cell. There are two
types of neurons – sensory neurons and motor
neurons. A group of neurons form a nerve. Neurons
are the structural and functional units of the nervous
system.
PROPERTIES OF NEURONS

NEURONS HAVE TWO SPECIAL PROPERTIES THAT

ENABLE NERVES TO CARRY OUT THEIR
FUNCTIONS. THESE ARE:
EXCITABILITY/IRRITABILITY- THIS MEANS THEY
CAN BE STIMULATED TO PRODUCE AN IMPULSE
(ACTION POTENTIAL) A TINY ELECTRICAL
CURRENT.
CONDUCTIVITY- THIS MEANS NEURONS ARE
ALSO ABLE TO TRANSFER AN IMPULSE ALONG
THEIR AXONS AND THEN ON TO OTHER
NEURONS, MUSCLES AND GLANDS. ITS
MOVEMENTS RESEMBLES THE ELECTRICAL
WIRING IN YOUR HOUSE.
PICTURE SHOWING PARTS OF A
NEURON AND ITS FUNCTIONS.
THE END

END OF ASSIGNMENT.