Program: B.

Tech, CSE, Semester-III, Year- II

CS-304

CS-304 : Digital Systems

Unit-01
K-Map ( Part-03)
Topic : Four Variable K-Map
Lecture – 14
July –Dec 2020
Kapil Jain
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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 Outlines
I. Prerequisite
II. Objective
III. Implicant, Prime Implicant
IV. Four Variable K-Map
V. Practice Set
VI. Learning Outcomes
VII. References

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 I. Prerequisite of Topic

• Students should have a good understanding of Boolean algebra and their

functioning and also know about the basic concept of logic gates and their truth
table.

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 II. Objective

Objective behind to this video is to-

• Concept of designing of combinational circuit with less number of logic circuitry.
• Minimization of 4 variables Boolean expression using K-Map.
• Concept of Min terms and adjacency of cell .
• Concept of implicant and prime implicant will be elavorated.

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 III. Implicant, Prime Implicant & Essential Prime Implicant
• Implicant is a product/minterm term in Sum of Products (SOP) or sum/maxterm
term in Product of Sums (POS) of a Boolean function.
F = AB + ABC + BC.
Implicants are AB, ABC and BC
• Prime Implicant
A group of square or rectangle made up of bunch of adjacent minterms which is
allowed by definition of K-Map are called prime implicants (PI) i.e. all possible
groups formed in K-Map.

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 • Essential Prime Implicants
These are those subcubes(groups) which cover atleast one minterm that can’t be
covered by any other prime implicant. Essential prime implicants(EPI) are those
prime implicants which always appear in final solution.

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 Redundant Prime Implicants
The prime implicants for which each of its minterm is covered by some essential
prime implicant are redundant prime implicants (RPI). This prime implicant never
appears in final solution.

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 IV. Four Variable K-Map

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 CD
00 01 11 10
AB
0 0 1 0
00
0 1 1 0
01
11 1 1 1 10
10 0 0 1 0

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 CD CD CD CD
AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 0 00 1 0 1 0 00 0 1 0 1
01 1 1 1 1 01 0 0 1 0 01 0 1 0 1 01 1 0 1 0
11 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 1 0 11 1 0 1 0 11 0 1 0 1
10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 10 1 0 1 0

f   (0, 3,5, 6, 9,10,12,15) f   (1, 2,4, 7,8,11,13,14)

f   (4,5, 6, 7)  A  B f   (3,7,11,15)  C  D
f  A  B C D f  A  B C D

CD CD CD CD
AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10 AB 00 01 11 10
00 0 1 1 0 00 1 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 0 00 1 1 1 1
01 0 1 1 0 01 1 0 0 1 01 1 1 1 1 01 0 0 0 0

11 0 1 1 0 11 1 0 0 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 0 0 0 0
10 0 1 1 0 10 1 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 1 1

f   (1, 3,5, 7,9,11,13,15) f   (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14) f   (4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15) f   (0,1,2,3,8,9,10,11)

fD f D f B f B
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 V. Learning Outcome

• Students will be able to understand the concept of minimization techniques of 04

variable function.
• Students will be able to understand the concept of implicant, prime implicant
and redundant.

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 VI. Exercise

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 VII. References

1) Anand Kumar “ Fundamental of Digital Circuits” PHI Publication.

2) A.K Godse “ Digital Electronics”.
3) R. K. Gaur “ Digital Electronics & Microcomputers” Dhanpat Rai Publication.
4) Morris Mano “ Digital Circuit Design "Pearson Publication.
5) https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/
6) https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
7) https://www.gatevidyalay.com
8) https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
9) https://www.electrical4u.com/
10) https://www.electronicshub.org/

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