ULTRASONIC MOTOR

Guided By: Submitted by:

VISHNU KAMMATH MOHAMED IRFAD A

Lecture, EEE S5 EEE
Roll No: 46 1
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 The disadvantages of electromagnetic motor
 Piezoelectric Effect
 Advantages of USM
 Basic Principal
 Fundamental construction
 Types of USM
 Working Mechanism
 Characteristics of USM
 Merits and Demerits
 Application
 Conclusion
 Reference 2
 INTRODUCTION

• It has been known for more than 30 years.

• The first ultrasonic motor was introduce by V.V Lavrinko in 1965.
• An Ultrasonic motor is a type of electric motor formed from the ultrasonic
vibration of a component, the stator being placed against another, the rotor
depending on the scheme of operation.
• Conversion of electric energy into motion by inverse piezoelectric effect.
• To obtain the levels of torque speed characteristics of USM using conventional
motors we require to add a gear system to reduce the speed.
• These characteristics of USM makes them Attractive for robotic applications
where small motions are required.
• This motor achieves high speed and drive forces, while still permitting the
moving part to Be positioned with high accuracy.
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 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTORS
 
• Noisy operation
• Magnetic losses
• High power consumption
• Low power factor
• Comparatively lesser efficiency

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 PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
 
The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear electromechanical
interaction between the mechanical and the electrical state in crystalline
materials with no inversion symmetry.
 
• Piezoelectricity generation of voltage in response of Mechanical stress.
• The word is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to Squeeze
or press.
• This effect is also reversible.
• Deformation is only 0.1% of the original dimension.
• Material- quartz (SiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3), Lead zirconate
titanate
 

Fig – Piezoelectric Effect 5

  
 
 

BASIC PRINCIPLE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
• Generation of gross mechanical motion through the amplification and repetition of
micro-deformations of active material
• The active material induces an orbital motion of the stator at the rotor contact
points
• Frictional interface between the rotor and stator rectifies the micro-motion to
produce macro-motion of the ROTOR
• Working frequency-20 KHz to 10 MHz
• Amplitude of the actuator motion – 20 to 200nm

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FUNDAMENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR

Fig – Fundamental construction of USM

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THE ULTRASONIC MOTOR CONSTITUTE MAINLY FOUR PARTS

1. ACTUATOR
2. STARTOR 
3. ROTOR 
4. CASING

Fig - Parts of ultrasonic motor

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 WORKING
In the operation of the USMS two-stage energy Conversion is formed
1)Electromechanical energy conversion
electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by excitation of the
piezoelectric ceramic with ultrasonic range frequency.
2)Mechanical energy conversion
mechanical vibrations are converted to linear or rotary motion by friction force
generated in stator-rotor interface.

Fig – working of ultrasonic motor 9

TYPES OF ULTRASONIC MOTOR
 

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STANDING WAVE USM
• This type of motors use three groups of Crystals: two of which
are Locking and One Motive.
• First, one group of locking crystals is Activated
• Next, the motive crystal group is triggere
• This is the only stage where motor movement takes place.
• This type of motor commonly known under the names Of
Inchworm, Piezo LEGS or PiezoWalk motors

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 TRAVELING WAVE USM
• Superposition of multiple standing wave create a traveling
wave.
• Representation of travelling wave
U(x,p)= A cos(kx) cos(wt) + A cos(kx – 90)(Cos (wt-90)).
• Phase difference is 90 degree.
• The active material excites a traveling flexural wave within the
Stator.
• Teeth are used to enhance the speed.
• The rectification of the micro-motion an interface is provided .

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 STANDING WAVE USM AND TRAVELLING WAVE USM

Fig –Mechanism of
Fig – Travelling wave ultrasonic motor
Standing wave
ultrasonic motor

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF USM
1. Low speed
2. High torque
3. Large holding torque
4. Super resposibility and controllability
5. Noiseless
6. Absence of magnetic action
7. Compact and lightweight
8. Simple construction
9. Dust free
10. Applicable in vacuum
11.Absence of gear mechanism

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 MERITS
• A large holding force or torque at rest,
without power supply
• A low AC voltage excitation
• A large actuating force or torque at low
speed
• A silent, non magnetic behaviour
• A short time response
• A very good micro positioning capability
• Ultra small size can be easily
miniaturized
• Dust free
DEMERITS
• High frequency power supply is
required.[in KHz range]
• Durability is very less.
• Expensive.
• It is difficult to obtain high
torque from an ultrasonic motor
if it is miniaturized beyond a
certain point.
 
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 APPLICATION

• Camera auto focus lenses

• Driving fluid
• Watch motors and compact
• Paper handling.
• Optoelectronics area
• In micro surgery and sensor scanning.

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 CONCLUSION
Hence the ultrasonic motors, which is a new step
In the miniaturized electrical technology has got
Many applications in small appliances because
of
Its high torque at low density.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Shi Jingzhuo, You Dongmei. “Characteristic model of travelling wave ultrasonic motor”.
School of Electrical Engineering. Henan University of Science and Technology. Luoyang
471023, China. 0041-621X-(2013)

[2] Yingxiang Liu, Weishan Chen, Junkao Liu, Shengjun Shi.”A cylindrical standing wave
ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer”. State Key Laboratory of Robotics and
System. Harbin Institute of Technology. Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. 0041-
62MX2010) Elsevier B.V.

[3] Xiang Li, Zhiyuan Yao, Shengli Zhou, Qibao Lv, Zhen Liu. “Dynamic modeling and
characteristics analysis of a modal-independent linear ultrasonic motor” State Key Laboratory
of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China 0041-624YAX/(2016) Elsevier B.V.

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Thank You

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