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Organic Chemistry
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry?
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of
Organic Compounds
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1 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1
What is Organic
Chemistry?
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2 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.2)
Organic Chemistry
• Chemistry of the compounds present
in living organisms.
• They all contain carbon.
• Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry
of Carbon.
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3 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.4)
Living Carbohydrates /
things Proteins / Fats /
Vitamins / Antibiotics
A variety of
organic products
obtained from
living things
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4 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.4)
Organic
Organic Inorganic
Inorganic
compounds
compounds compounds
compounds
obtained from obtained from
living organisms non-living sources
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6 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.3)
(Inorganic (Organic
compound) compound)
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7 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.1 What is Organic Chemistry (SB p.3)
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is is the
the study
study ofof carbon
carbon
compounds (except
compounds (except CO,
CO, CO
CO22,, carbonates,
carbonates,
hydrogencarbonates, carbides
hydrogencarbonates, carbides and
and
cyanides) obtained
cyanides) obtained from
from natural
natural sources
sources or
or
synthesized in
synthesized in the
the laboratories.
laboratories.
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8 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2
The Unique
Nature of Carbon
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9 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
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10 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
Ability to Catenate
C – C > Si – Si > Ge – Ge > Sn – Sn
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13 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
C–C>N–N>O–O
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14 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
Ability to Catenate
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15 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.2 The Unique Nature of Carbon (SB p.5)
* X = halogens
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17 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3
Classification of
Organic
Compounds
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18 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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19 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
A functional
A functional group
group is
is defined
defined as
as an
an
atom or
atom or aa group
group of
of atoms
atoms that
that
effectively determines
effectively determines the
the chemical
chemical
properties of
properties of an
an organic
organic compound.
compound.
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20 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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21 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
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22 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.7)
Functional Groups
and
Homologous Series
A homologous
A homologous series
series isis aa series
series ofof
compounds that
compounds that have
have the
the same
same functional
functional
group, and
group, and each
each member
member differs
differs from
from
the next
the next member
member byby aa –– CH
CH22 –– unit
unit in
in
their formulae.
their formulae.
Homologous Series
• Members in the same series can be
represented by a general formula.
alkenes: CnH2n
alkynes: CnH2n-2
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27 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
• Members in the same series can be
represented by a general formula.
aldehydes: CnH2n+1CHO
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28 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
Functional group
Chemical
of an organic
properties
compound
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29 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds (SB p.13)
Homologous Series
• The physical properties change gradually
along the homologous series
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33 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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34 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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35 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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38 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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39 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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43 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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44 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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45 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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46 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
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47 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.4 Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Aromatic
ArH Benzene
hydrocarbon
50 R = CnH2n+1 – Phenyl group
50 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
Example
General Functional
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
X
Haloalkane RX CH3Cl Chloromethane
halo group
OH
Alcohol ROH CH3OH Methanol
hydroxyl group
O CH3 O
Ether RO R Methoxymethane
oxy group CH3
Aldehyde Methanal
carbonyl group
R = CnH2n+1 –
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51 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
Example
General Functional
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
Ketone Propanone
carbonyl group
Carboxylic
Ethanoic acid
acid
carboxyl group
RNH2
Amine R2NH CH3NH2 Methylamine
R 3N amino group
CN
Nitrile RCN CH3CN Ethanenitrile
52 nitrile group
52 R = CnH2n+1 –New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
Example
General Functional
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
Methyl
Ester
ethanoate
ester group
Ethanoyl
Acyl halide
chloride
acyl halide
group
Amide Ethanamide
53 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level
53 amide
New Way Chemistry group
for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A R = CH
3A n 2n+1 –
1.3 Classification of Organic Compounds
Example
General Functional
Family
formula group Formula IUPAC name
Acid Ethanoic
anhydride anhydride
acid anhydride
group R = CnH2n+1 –
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54 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A
The END
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55 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 3A