Network Concepts

&
Threats In Network
Prepared by
M. Mohsin Ashraf
2017-cpe-23
1
 NETWORK BASICS
• Definition
• Applications
• Networking devices and topology
• Addressing and DNS
• Protocol and OSI layers
• Types of networks

2
Definition
Collection of computers and devices connected
via
communications transmission
devices and media

Applications
• Sharing of resources such as printers
• Sharing of expensive software's and database
•Communication from one computer to
another computer
•Exchange of data and information among
users via network
•Sharing of information over geographically wide
areas.
3
Networking Devices
Example: Router, Switch, Hub, Bridge.

Topology
• Bus
• Star
• Mesh
• Ring
4
IP Address
• Logical or network address of the system across the
network
• Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) assigns
IPV4 address as unique ID for each device on the
network
Example: 136.102.233.49
Domain Name System (DNS)
• Mnemonic textual addresses are provided to facilitate
the manipulation of internet addresses.
• DNS servers are responsible for translating mnemonic
textual Internet addresses into hard numeric Internet
addresses.
Protocols
• Define the rules that govern the communications
between two computers connected to the network.
• Roles: addressing and routing of
messages, error detection and recovery,
sequence and flow controls etc.
6
OSI Layers
• Application layer
- applications connected to the network
• Presentation layer
- provides standard data representations for applications
• Session layer
- manages sessions among applications
• Transport layer
- provides end-to-end errors detection and correction
• Network layer
- handles connection to the network by the higher layers
• Data-link layer
- provides safe communication of data over the physical
network
• Physical layer
- defines the physical characteristics of the network
7
Types of networks
Criteria LAN MAN WAN
Ownership Private Private or public Private or public

Geographical area Single building, Large city Country-wide

schools or at (5 to 50 km)
home
Size Small Larger Largest
Cost Low High Higher
Speed 1000Mbps 1.544Mbps 150Mbps

Transmissio Twisted pair Twisted pair and Fiber optic, radio

n Medium Fiber optic wave and
cables satellite
Example Network in office Switched Internet
Multimegabit Data
Service

8
THREATS
The people eager, willing and qualified to take
advantage of each security vulnerability, and they
continually search for new exploits and weaknesses.
Classes of threats
There are four main classes of threats:
1. Structured threats
2. Unstructured threats
3. External threats
4. Internal threats
Structured threats
Implemented by a technically skilled person who is trying
to gain access to your network.

 Unstructured threats
Created by an inexperienced / non-technical person who is
trying to gain access to your network.

Internal threats
Occurs when someone from inside your network creates a
security threat to your network.

External threats
Occurs when someone from outside your network
creates a security threat to your network.
Thank You