Jurusan Fisika

Fakultas Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam

Universitas Negeri Malang
2020

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Dosen Pengampu:
Dr. H. Supriyono Koes H, M.Pd, M.A
THE NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
A specific distribution having a characteristic bell-shaped form.

WHY?
Normal distribution is very important
to statisticians.
Normal distribution is very important
to statisticians.

1
Many of the dependent variables with which we deal are commonly
assumed to be normally distributed in the population. That is to say, we
if we were to obtain the whole
frequently assume that
population of observations, the resulting distribution
would closely resemble the normal distribution.

2
If we can assume that a variable is at least approximately normally
the techniques that are discussed in
distributed, then
this chapter allow us to make a number of
inferences (either exact or approximate) about
values of that variable.
Normal distribution is very important
to statisticians.

3
The theoretical distribution of the hypothetical set of sample means
obtained by drawing an infinite number of samples from a specified
can be shown to be approximately normal
population
under a wide variety of conditions. Such a distribution is
called the sampling distribution of the mean and is discussed and used
extensively throughout the remainder of this book.

4
Most of the statistical procedures we will employ have, somewhere in
their derivation, an assumption that a variable is normally
distributed.
CHARACTERISTIC OF
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
1 symmetric
2 Unimodal distribution
3 The abscissa
represents different possible values of X

4 The ordinate
is referred to as the density, often denoted f(x)
CHARACTERISTIC OF
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Mathematically:

 = 3,1416
= 2,7183
= Mean
= Standard deviation
 Given that and are known, , the height of the
curve, or ordinate, for any value of is
obtained simply by substituting the
appropriate values for , , and and solving the
This is not nearly as difficult as it
looks, but in practice you will
equation.
probably never to have to make the calculations.
CHARACTERISTIC OF
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
The cumulative form of this distribution is tabled, and we can simply read the information we
need from the table.
THE STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
A normal distribution with a mean equal to 0 and a standard deviation equal to 1.
Denoted as N[0,1]

The standard normal distribution

We can use Table E.10 to find the
areas under any normal
distribution.
 THE STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

N[50,100]

For our particular case N[50,100]:

If we had a score of 43, the value of

z would be

Z score represents the number of standard deviations that

is above or below the mean
 THE STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Z score represents the number of standard deviations that is
above or below the mean

The shape of the distribution is unaffected by the transformation.

That means that if the distribution was not normal before it
was transformed, it will not be normal afterward.
THE STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Using the Tables of Standard Normal Distribution
THE STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Using the Tables of Standard Normal Distribution
Total Behavior Problem scores from the Achenbach Youth Self Report

0.8413

0.1587

?
How is the probability that score
between 40-60?
The probability that score between
40-60 is 0.8413 – 0,1587 = 0.6826
SETTING PROBABLE LIMITS
ON AN OBSERVATION
If we are looking for the limits within which 95%
of the scores fall, we can see from Table E.10 that
these values are Z= ± 1.96. Thus we can say that
95% of the time a child’s score sampled at random
will fall between 1.96 standard deviations above
the mean and 1.96 standard deviations
below the mean.

2.5% 2.5%
SETTING PROBABLE LIMITS
ON AN OBSERVATION
Thus if we want to state the limits within which 95% of the population falls, we
want to find those scores that are 1.96 standard deviations above or below the
mean of the population. This can be written as
For our example the limits will be:
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