A

Presentation
on
Organic Light Emitting Diode

By
N.Madhu Priya
188R1A0498
ECE
 Introduction
• OLED is a solid state light emitting device made
from thin films of organic molecules.
• It uses the principle of electroluminescence.
• It is an emerging technology of displays.
• These diodes are about 100 to 500 nanometers
thick and 200 times smaller than human hair.
• To understand its working let us discuss a little
about LED…
Light Emitting Diode
• LED is a p-n junction diode.
• It emits light in forward bias.
• In forward bias, the electron and holes move across
the junction and combine.
• According to quantum theory when electron comes
down from higher energy level to lower level then
the energy is emited in the form of light or photon.
• The photon energy is equal to energy gap between
these to energy levels.
 Architecture of OLED
• OLED has many thin layers of organic material.
• It comprises of two or three organic layers like
conducting layer, emissive layer and other
layers such as substrate, anode and cathode
layers.
• When Direct Current is applied, charge carriers
from the anode and cathode are injected into
organic layers and light is emitted.
• Substrate Layer: This layer is a thin sheet of
glass with a transparent conductive layer. It
supports OLED structure.
• Anode Layer: This layer is an active layer and
removes electrons. When current flows through
this device, electrons are replaced by electron
holes.
• Conductive Layer: Also known as hole transport
layer as it transport hole from anode layer. This
layer is made up of organic plastic. The
conductive polymer used in OLED are
polyaniline, polyethylene-dioxythiophene.
• Emissive layer: This layer transports electrons
from anode layers, and it is made of organic plastic
molecules that are different from the conducting
layers. In this two polymers are used for emitting
such as polyfluorene, poly para phenylene which
normally emits green and blue lights.
• Cathode Layer: Cathode layer is responsible for
injection of electrons when current flows through
the device. It could be transparent or opaque
depending on the type of OLED.
 Working Principle
• A voltage is applied across the anode and
cathode.
• The current flows from cathode to anode
through organic layer.
• Electron flows to emissive layer from the
cathode
• Electrons are removed from conductive layer
leaving holes
• Holes jump into emissive layer.
• Electrons and holes are combined and light is
emitted.
 Some special types of OLED
• Transparent OLED: This OLED consists of transparent
substrate, anode and cathode. Lights get emitted bi-
directionally. These are useful for heads-up display and
transparent projector screens.
• Foldable OLED: These OLEDs are made up of flexible metallic
foil or plastic substrate. It is light weight and has ultra-thin
stature.
• Phosphorescent OLED: This OLED works on the principle of
electroluminescence used to convert 100 % of the electrical
energy into light. They reduce heat generation; operate at
very low voltage and have a long operating life time.
 Advantages
• OLED is thinner, lighter and more flexible.
• It do not requires back light like LCDs.
• Faster response time.
• Large field of view about 170 degree.
• Brighter then other displays.
• Higher resolution with <5micrometer pixel
size.
 Disadvantages
• OLEDs are expensive.
• Lifespan is less.
• Balancing of color is not easy.
• Can be damaged by water.
 Conclusion
• As OLED technology will mature it will be able
to improve certain limitation of current
displays.
• Organic Light Emitting Diode is evolving as the
next generation display.
 Referances
• www.elprocus.com
• Google images
Thank You…