Unit I

Crude oil & refining

products

Subject: Petroleum Refining Technology

Code: CHCE 3010
Faculty: Dr. Seim Timung
 Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring
mixture of hydrocarbons, generally in a liquid
state, which may also include compounds of
sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and other
elements
Naturally occurring, viscous, straw color-to-
Crude oil
black liquid.

Petroleum (or crude oil) is a fossil fuel

that was formed from the remains of
ancient marine organisms.
Occurrence
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock
composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay
minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of
other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
Shale
Impervious rocks are hard rocks that do not permit oil,
water, or gas to flow through it.
A drilling rig is a machine that creates holes in the earth's
subsurface.
Major petroleum products
 Syllabus
 CRUDE OIL & REFINING PRODUCT
Availability & Specifications, Properties & Test Methods.
 REFINING PROCESS
 Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation, Thermal and Catalytic Cracking, Reforming, Alkylation,
Isomerization, Hydro-Processing, Bitumen Production.
 Lube Oil Base Stock Production, Classification and Characterization of Propane Deasphalting, Dewaxing,
Hydro –Finishing.
 SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
Carbon Black, Petroleum Coke and Waxes.
 PRODUCT BLENDING
Product Handling, Blending and Correlations.
Refinery layout
 World’s oil reserve

Canada Russia

Venezuela

Iran, Iraq,
Algeria Kuwait
Saudi
Libya
Arabia,
UAE
Nigeria
 World’s oil reserve

U.S.

Kazakhstan
U.S.
China

Brazil Angola
Oil reserves denote the amount of crude oil that
can be technically recovered at a cost that is
financially feasible at the present price of oil.
Hence reserves will change with the price,
unlike oil resources, which include all oil that
can be technically recovered at any price
 OPEC oil reserves According to current estimates,
79.4% of the world's proven oil
reserves are located in OPEC
Member Countries, with the
bulk of OPEC oil reserves in
the Middle East, amounting to
64.5% of the OPEC total.

OPEC Member Countries have

made significant additions to their
oil reserves in recent years, for
example, by adopting best
practices in the industry, realizing
intensive explorations and
enhanced recoveries. As a result,
OPEC's proven oil reserves
currently stand at 1,189.80 billion
barrels.
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
For more information on OPEC, refer the link: https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm
Oil Exporters
Oil Importers
 Indian crude oil reserves
• As on 31 March 2018, India had estimated
crude oil reserves of 594.49 million tonnes
(MT) and natural gas reserves of 1339.57
billion cubic meters (BCM).
• India imports 82% of its oil needs and aims
to bring that down to 67% by 2022 by
replacing it with local exploration, renewable
energy and indigenous ethanol fuel.
Indian Petroleum Refinery
Indian Petroleum Refinery
Recent news