MATERIAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

ASSIIGNMENT 2
SUNIL KUMAR SAHOO
102117060
CORROSION AND ITS TYPES
INTRODUCTION
 Most metals exist in nature in combined forms as their
oxides, carbonates, hydroxy carbonates, sulphides,
chlorides and silicates.

 During the extraction of metals from their ores

considerable amount of energy is required. Consequently,
isolated pure metals can be regarded in excited states and
ores in lower energy state.

 Any process of deterioration and consequent loss of a

solid metallic material, through an unwanted chemical or
electrochemical attack by its environment, starting at its
surface, is called corrosion.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION
 NATURE OF METALS
 Position in galvanic series
 Overvoltage
 Relative areas of the anodic and cathodic part
 Purity of metals
 Passive character of metals
 Volatility of corrosion products

 NATURE OF THE CORRODING ENVIRONMENT

 Temperature
 Humidity of air
 Presence of impurities in atmosphere
 Presence of suspended particles in atmosphere
 Influence of pH
 Nature of ions present
 TYPES OF CORROSION

 DRY OR CHEMICAL CORROSION

This type of corrosion occurs mainly through the direct
chemical action of environment gases such as oxygen,
hydrogen sulphate, halogen, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen
or anhydrous inorganic liquid with surfaces in
immediate proximity.
1. Oxidation corrosion : It is brought about by the
direct action of oxygen at low or high temperatures on
metals, usually, in the absence of moisture.
 Mechanism:
2. Corrosion by other gases : lt includes gases like
SO2,CO2,Cl2,H2S ,F2, etc. The extent of corrosive effect depend
mainly on the chemical affinity between the metal and gas
involved.
 The film formed is protective or non porous.

 The film formed is non-protective or porous.

3. Liquid metal corrosion : It is due to chemical action of

following liquid metal at the high temperature on solid metal
or alloy. The corrosion reaction involved either :
I. Dissolution of a solid metal by a liquid metal.
II. Internal penetration of the liquid metal into the solid metal.
WET OR ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION

 This type of corrosion occurs :

i. Where a conducting liquid is in contact with metal or
ii. When two dissimilar metals or alloys are either immersed
partially in a solution.
 Mechanism :
1. Anodic reaction:
M Mn+ + ne- (Oxidation)

2. Cathodic reaction :
i. Evolution of hydrogen type:

ii. Absorption of oxygen

GALVANIC (OR BIMETALIC ) CORROSION
 When two dissimilar metals are electrically connected and
exposed to an electrolyte ,the metal higher in
electrochemical series undergoes corrosion.
 MECHANISM:

Zn Zn2+ + 2e- (Oxidation)

CONCENTRATION CELL CORROSION
 This types of corrosion is due to electrochemical attack on the
metal surface ,exposed to an electrolyte of varying
concentration or varying aeration.

Zn Zn2+ + 2e- (Oxidation)

1/2O2 + H2O + 2e- 2OH- (Reduction)

 INTERGRANULAR CORROSION
 This types of corrosion is due to the fact that the grain
boundaries contain material, which show electrode
potential more anodic than that of grain centre in the
particular corroding medium.
 STRESS CORROSION
 Stress corrosion is the combined effect of static tensile
stress and the corrosive environment on a metal .

Typical examples of stress corrosion:-

i. Season cracking
ii. Caustic embrittlement
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