CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
WRITING THE REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
 Writing the Literature Review is not
a simple task. It requires good
organization. Specifically, you need to
develop efficient time management
and note taking skills. You also need
to be focused on assessing what is
relevant to your proposed research
and what is not relevant irrelevant.
 While reading, keep notes about
the assumptions made and the
important results. Take note also
on the details of publication, name
of author, page number and the
websites as the case may be. This
will save you time later.
 In journal articles, the important
results are briefly summarized in
the Abstract. This gives you
information about what to look for
as you read the paper.
When you search for studies and literature, there are
some things that must be considered.

1. Materials must be recent as

possible. This is important because of
rapid, social, political scientific and
technological change. What is true
yesterday might not be true today.
When you search for studies and literature, there are
some things that must be considered.

2. Materials must be as objective and

unbiased as possible. Some materials are
extremely one-sided, either politically
or religiously biased. These should be
avoided. Result of research must be
based on observed facts and not opinion.
When you search for studies and literature, there are
some things that must be considered.

3. Materials must be relevant to

the study. Only materials that
have some similarities or bearing
to the problem should be
included.
When you search for studies and literature, there are
some things that must be considered.

4. Surveyed materials must have

been based upon genuinely
original and true facts or data to
make them valid and reliable.
Hearsay must be totally avoided.
When you search for studies and literature, there are
some things that must be considered.

5. Materials should not be too few or too

many. They must be sufficient enough to give
the researcher insight to her study. A good
research study is not based on how thick the
pages of the literature but rather on how
relevant information are in the literature.
 Writing the Review

1. The text of the review should be

brief and to the point.
2. Make a plan on how you are
going to present the review.
 Writing the Review

3. Emphasize relatedness.
4. Review diligently. Do not just
copy but rather critically and
honestly analyze the literature.
 Ways of Citing

To acknowledge the source, you can use

the American Psychological Association
(APA) style, Modern Language Association
(MLA) style, Chicago Manual style or
whatever style peculiar to your school.
 Ways of Citing

To acknowledge the source, you can use

the American Psychological Association
(APA) style, Modern Language Association
(MLA) style, Chicago Manual style or
whatever style peculiar to your school.
 Ways of Citing

1. By author or writer - the ideas, facts

or principles although they have the
same meaning are explained or discussed
separately and cited with respective
authors or writers.
 Ways of Citing

2. By topic - If different authors or

writers have different opinion about
the same topic, the topic is discussed
under the names of author or writers.
 Ways of Citing

3. Chronological - Materials can be

cited chronologically according to the
time they were written. Materials which
were written earlier should be cited first
before those that were written late.
 The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
The basic citation for APA style is author's
name, copyright year, and page number.
The copyright can be written right after the
name of the author in parentheses or at the
end of the quotation in parentheses also.
 The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
Page number included only when
referring to direct quotation or
statistics. Otherwise use the author's
surname and copyright year.
The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style
Modern Language Association
(MLA) style or MLA Style
Chicago Manual Style