Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phenobarbital, barbital…
Carboxylation and acetylation
Ether
Halogenation
Chloroform
Oxidation
isoniazid, nicotinic acid …
Sulfonation
sulfanilamide…
Amination
propanolol
Complex chemical conversions
Vitamin C, Darvon…
Biotechnology based processes
Process involved
fermentation,
Recovery,
purification.
Fermenters
(a) Open tank,
(b) Stirred tank,
(c) Gas-lift and
(d) sparged-tank fermenters.
Important design considerations for good fermenter
operation (a) Aeration and agitation,
(b)PH,
c) Sterile design,
d) Temperature control,
(e) Media sterilization
Biotechnology based processes
Packed-bed
reactors are used
with immobilized
or particulate
biocatalysts.
Medium can be
fed either at the
top or bottom and
forms a
continuous liquid
phase.
Bioreactor Configurations
- 2. Bubble column (sparged-tank fermenters)
Mixing method: Gas
sparging
• Simple design
•Good heat and mass
transfer
•Low energy input