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1
유한요소해석기법
요소
F
F
절점
2
가중잔여법
2 2~
𝑑 𝑢 + 𝑝 ( 𝑥 )=0 𝑑 𝑢 + 𝑝 ( 𝑥 )= R ( x)≠ 0
2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
: 엄밀해 : 근사해
❑
∫ 𝑅 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑤 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥=0
𝐷 𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
3
Function Space
H’-function space
① v is continuous on [0, L]
② v’ is piecewise continuous
③
4
1-D 빔 예제
간단한 빔 예제 이용
𝜎𝑥 𝐴
𝑥
평형방정식
𝑑2𝑢
𝐸 +𝑓 =0
𝑔 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜌 , 𝐸 , 𝐴 , 𝐿
𝜎 𝑥 𝐴 + 𝑑 𝜎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( )𝐴
𝑑𝑥 경계조건
𝑑𝑢
𝑃 𝑢 ( 0 )=0 , 𝐸𝐴 | =𝑃
𝑓𝐴𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑓 = 𝜌 𝑔) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=𝐿
5
1-D 빔 예제
𝑅( 𝑥 ) 경계조건
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 ( 0 )=0 , 𝐸𝐴 | =𝑃
Integration by parts 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑣 𝑑2 𝑣
𝑤 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +𝑤 𝑑 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 ( )
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑣
− 𝐸∫
0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥+ 𝐸
[
𝑑𝑥 0 0
]
𝑤 +∫ 𝑤𝑓𝑑𝑥=0
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝐸 | 𝑤 ( 𝐿) − 𝐸 | 𝑤 (0)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿 𝑑𝑥 𝑥=0
𝑷
𝑨
𝐿 𝐿
Variational form
𝐸𝐴 ∫
−
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐴 ∫ 𝑤𝑓𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑤 ( 𝐿)=0 ′ ′
0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 0
𝐸𝐴 ( 𝑣 , 𝑤 )= 𝐴 ( 𝑓 , 𝑤 )+ 𝑃𝑤 ( 𝐿)
(Weak form)
6
Piecewise Linear Function Space
7
갤러킨 방법 (Galerkin method)
𝑁
𝑣 ( 𝑥 )=∑ 𝑐𝑖 𝜙𝑖 (𝑥) 𝑤
( 𝑥 ) =𝜙𝑖 ( 𝑥 )
𝑖=1
: 근사해 : 가중함수
❑ ❑
∫ 𝑅 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑤 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥=0 ∫ 𝑅 ( 𝑥 ) 𝜙𝑖 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥=0
𝐷 𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐷 𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
8
Global description
𝑣
근사해의 기저함수를 결정
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥𝑗 𝑥𝑀
𝜙0 ⋯
⋯
1
𝑣 h ( 𝑥 )= 𝑑 0 𝜙0 ( 𝑥 ) +𝑑 1 𝜙1 ( 𝑥 )+ ⋯+𝑑 𝑀 𝜙 𝑀 ( 𝑥)
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥𝑗 𝑥𝑀
𝜙1 ⋯
⋯
𝑑𝑣 h 1
𝑣h ( 0) = 𝑔
𝐸𝐴
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥= 𝐿
=h
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥𝑗 𝑥𝑀
⋯
⋯
Variational Problem
⋯
𝜙𝑗
′ ′
( 𝑣 , 𝑤 )= 𝐴 ( 𝑓 , 𝑤 )+ 𝑃𝑤 ( 𝐿)
𝐸𝐴 1
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥 𝑥𝑗 𝑥 𝑗+1 ⋯ 𝑥 𝑀
⋯ 𝑗 −1
𝜙𝑀
⋯
1
Finite-dimensional Variational Problem
′ ′
𝐸𝐴 ( 𝑢 h , 𝑤 h ) = 𝐴 ( 𝑓 , 𝑤 h ) +h𝑤 ( 𝐿 ) 𝑥0
𝑥1
𝑥2
⋯
𝑥𝑗
⋯
𝑥𝑀
𝑗 ( 𝑥 𝑖 )=
𝜙
{10 𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑓 𝑖𝑖=≠ 𝑗𝑗
9
Finite-dimensional Variational Problem
𝑀
( ′
𝑗
′
0
𝑖=1
′
)
𝐸𝐴 𝜙 , 𝑔 𝜙 + ∑ 𝑑 𝑖 𝜙𝑖 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝐴 ( 𝑓 , 𝜙 𝑗 ) +h 𝜙 𝑗 ( 𝐿)
𝑀
∑ 𝐸𝐴 ( 𝜙′𝑖 , 𝜙′𝑗) 𝑑 𝑖= 𝐴 ( 𝜙 𝑗 , 𝑓 )+ h 𝜙 𝑗 ( 𝐿 ) − 𝐸𝐴 ( 𝜙′𝑗 , 𝑔 𝜙′0)
𝑖=1
≜ 𝑘 𝑖𝑗 ≜𝑓
𝑗
[ 𝑘 ] {𝑑 }={ 𝑓 }
10