MEWAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

Sector -4C , Vasundhara, Ghaziabad

B.Sc. (Maths ) -1st year
Session – 2021-22
ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT- CHEMISTRY
TOPIC- ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Submitted By : Submitted To:

Ankush Kumar Dr. Shashank Nautiyal
 What is Electronegativity?
• The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair
of electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity.
• It is a dimensionless property because it is only a tendency. It
basically indicates the net result of the tendencies of atoms in
different elements to attract the bond-forming electron pairs.
We measure electronegativity on several scales. The most
commonly used scale was designed by Linus Pauling.
According to this scale, fluorine is the most electronegative
element with a value of 4.0 and cesium is the least
electronegative element with a value of 0.7.
Periodic Trends in the Electronegativities of Elements

• As we move across a period from left to right the nuclear

charge increases and the atomic size decreases, therefore the
value of electronegativity increases across a period in the
modern periodic table.

• There is an increase in the atomic number as we move down the

group in the modern periodic table. The nuclear charge also
increases but the effect of the increase in nuclear charge is
overcome by the addition of one shell. Hence, the value of
electronegativity decreases as we move down the group.
 ELECTRONEGATIVITY TABLE

• There is a large difference in electronegativity for atoms from the left- and
right-hand sides of the periodic table.
• The periodic table of elements with the electronegativity table is given
below.
Factors Affecting Electronegativity
1. Size of an Atom:
A greater atomic size will result in less value of electronegativity, this
happens because electrons being far away from the nucleus will
experience a lesser force of attraction.

2. Nuclear Charge:
A greater value of nuclear charge will result in a greater value of
electronegativity. This happens because an increase in nuclear charge causes
electron attraction with greater force.
3. Effect of Substituent:
The electronegativity of an atom depends upon the nature of the substituent
attached to that atom. For example, the carbon atom in CF3I acquires a
greater positive charge than CH3I. Therefore, C-atom in CF3I is more
electronegative than in CH3I. The difference in electronegativity of an atom
caused by substituents results in different chemical behaviour of that atom.
 Most and Least Electronegative Elements

• Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table. Its

electronegativity value is 3.98. Cesium is the least electronegative element.
Its electronegativity value is 0.79. Electro positivity is the exact opposite of
electronegativity, therefore, we can say that Cesium is the most
electropositive element.
• Those elements requiring only a few electrons to complete their valence
shells, and having the least quantity of inner electron shells between the
positive nucleus and the valence electrons, are the most electronegative.
The most electronegative of all elements are fluorine. Its electronegativity
is 4.0. Metals have electronegativitie less than 2.0. The least electronegative
elements are cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr), with electronegativity values
of 0.7.
• NOTE : Fluorine is the most electronegative element and Cesium is the
least electronegative element.