DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

INTRODUCTION
 1. What are steel structures
• In steel structures, structural steel is the main
load carrying material to transfer the load
within them and to transfer load to the
ground
• Ex: - I-Beam, Tee section, [ - Channel section,
Steel plate etc..,
• Steel concrete composite structures are also
used
• in high-rise buildings but we are only going to
study about steel structures.
 2.Common Steel structures

1. Roof truss in factories, cinema halls, railways

etc.,
2. Crane girders, columns, beams,
3. Plate girders, bridges
4. Transmission towers, water tank, chimney
etc.,
• Advantages
• High comp. & tensile strength per unit weight hence
low construction weight, saves space
• Good aesthetic view
• Good quality and durability
• Very high speed of construction
• Reusability and scrap value – env. Friendly
• Better solution to cover large span and tall structures
• Disadvantages
• High cost – Initial
• Corrosion
• Low fire resistance
 Properties of steel

Physical properties (IS800:2.2.4)

1. r = 7850 kg/m3 = 78.5kN/m3
2. E = 2x105 N/mm2
3. Poison ratio μ = 0.3
4. Modulus of Rigidity, G= 0.769 X10^5 N/MM^2
5.Coefficient of thermal expansion.
 Steel sections

• Steel is rolled to a required shape during

fabrication.
• Commonly available
• I section – I
• Tee section – T
• Channel sections –
• Angle sections – l
• Steel bars , tubes, plates, sheets, strips
Common Steel members
 Rolled steel I – section

• ISJB – Indian standard junior beam

• ISLB – “ “ Light beam
• ISMB - “ “ Medium beam
• ISWB - “ “ Wide flange beam
• ISHB - “ “ Heavy beam
• Rolled steel I - section
• Example = ISMB 500 & 0.852 kN/m
Depth Weight per Unit length

500 mm
• Rolled steel Channel - section
• ISLC, ISMC, ISLC, ISSC(Indian standard special
section)
• Example ISMC 300 & 0.351 kN/m
 Rolled Steel Angle section

• ISA Equal angle – ISA 150 x 150 x 12

• ISA unequal angle – ISA 150 x 115 x 12 Thickness
 Rolled Tee- section
• ISNT – Indian standard Normal beam
• ISHT – “ Heavy beam
• ISLT - “ special legged
• ISLT - “ Light beam
 Choice of sections

• Governed by sectional properties and

availability
• Popular in India – ISMB, ISMC, equal angles
• Channels are used in purlins, Tee and angles in
truss, I section in beam and column
 Design philosophy

• Working Stress method

– Stress at which the material starts to yield is

taken as permissible stress of the section. All
sections are designed not to exceed the
permissible stress.
Permissible stress = Yield stress / F.O.S

– Since steel can resist load after yield point,

following this principle results in bulky,
uneconomical sections.
Ultimate Load method (plastic design
method)

– Permissible load is a load when all

the fiber in the steel is yielded
– This method does not ensure
serviceability
 Limit State Method (IS800 : 2007)
– It takes both strength and serviceability to
account
– Limit state of Serviceability
• Minimum deformation, deflection, crack,
vibration, corrosion to ensure aesthetic view,
functionability and safety to partitions etc.,
– Limit state of strength
• Structure should be stable and not collapse under
load
• γf = partial safety factor for load
• γm = partial safety factor for material