Desgin and energy analysis of

HVAC system using

simulation at MTM
Supervisor : Sir M.Naheed Javed
Ali Raza (18-MCE-18)
Shavaiz ul Hassan (16-mce-16)
M.Umair Saeed (18-mce-08)
Junaid Arshad (18-mce-17)
 History of HVAC
• It’s hard to imagine but not too long ago people were living without any sort of
HVAC. The summers were steamy and the winters were chilly..
• Then the idea of a HVAC system first came about in the mid 1800’s when an
inventor, Dr. John Gorrie, proposed the idea of cooling cities during high
temperature months. He eventually designed a system that controlled humidity
using cooling coils.
• Fast forward 50 years and the idea officially took off at the St. Louis World’s Fair
in 1904. It was at this time that a refrigeration system was used.
• Despite the great reception for commercial HVAC, it was still expensive. So, in
1932 H.H. Schultz and J.Q. Sherman created a unit that could fit in window sills.

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 Problem Statement

• Our main aim is to provide optimum indoor thermal comfort and guarantee
improvement of indoor air quality using HVAC system at Garments Processing
Unit.

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 Introduction of HVAC system
• The term HVAC stands for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning.
• It describes the field that is concerned with the indoor environment in
order to meet the comfort and health needs of building occupants
and the environmental needs of indoor equipment or processes.
• Although HVAC systems are required for airplanes, ships,
automobiles, and other special applications, but our project will focus
on HVAC systems for commercial buildings.

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  Classification of HVAC systems

1. Central system
2. Decentralized or local system
Central HVAC system
• A central HVAC system may serve one or more thermal zones, and its major
equipment is located outside of the served zone(s) in a suitable central location
whether inside, on top, or adjacent to the building.
• Central systems must condition zones with their equivalent thermal load. Central
HVAC systems will have as several control points such as thermostats for each
zone.

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• The sub-classification of the central HVAC system is shown in following figure

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 HVAC System Basic Components

An HVAC System may include the following basic components or units.

• HVAC water chillers and heaters
• Hot water generator (if chiller does produce chilled water only) or furnace
• Chilled water pumps
• Cooling water pumps
• Electrical power supply control or Motor control center (MCC)
• Cooling towers
• Piping for chilled water and cooling water or condenser side water
• Valves for chilled water and cooling water sides
• Air handling units (AHUs), heating coils and cooling Coils
• Ducts in ventilation system (supply ducts and return ducts)

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 Air handling units (AHUs), heating coils and cooling Coils

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 • Fan Coil Units (FCUs) and thermostats
• HVAC Diffusers and grills
• HVAC controls (instrumentation & Control components) installed at various
locations
• HVAC software for building loading calculation(HAP,Excel worksheet)
• An Assembly of all above components forms an HVAC system.

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 Refrigeration cycles
An environmental control system that includes cooling and dehumidification will
require a means of removing heat from the conditioned spaces. Because heat flows
only from a higher to a lower temperature, a fluid with a temperature lower than
the room design temperature must be made available, to which the excess room
heat can be transferred. Refrigeration produces this low temperature fluid.
There are two types of refrigeration cycle
• Vapor compression cycle
• Vapor absorption cycle

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 Vapor compression cycle
It consists of following four steps
• Compression
• Condensation
• Expansion
• Evaporation

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 Factors involved in designing of HVAC
system
• Calculating the Heating and Cooling Load
• Piping System Arrangement
• Flow Rates
• Temperatures
• Selection of Terminal Units
• Pipe Sizing
• Piping or Duct Layout
• Boiler Selection
• Pump Selection

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 Factors involved in designing of HVAC
system
• Energy Use and Conservation
• Type of System
• Equipment and Duct Locations
• Duct Sizes
• Air Distribution Devices
• Equipment

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 Selecting a system

Defined by ASHRAE Standard 55

Process heating, space heating, cooling, and ventilation criteria should be
considered and should include the following:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Air motion
• Air purity or quality
• Air changes per hour

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 Selecting a system

• Air and/or water velocity requirements

• Local climate
• Space pressure requirements
• Capacity requirements, from a load calculation analysis
• Redundancy
• Spatial requirements
• Economical concerns
• Air purity or quality
• Air changes per hour

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 Selecting a System
• First cost
• Energy costs
• Operator labor costs
• Maintenance costs
• Reliability
• Flexibility
• Controllability
• Life-cycle analysis
• Sustainability of design
• Acoustics and vibration
• Mold and mildew prevention

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 System Constraints
• Existing conditions (e.g., floor load, access into and through a building)
• Rigging into and out of a building
• Maintaining existing building occupancy and operation
• Construction budget
• Construction schedule
• Ability to phase HVAC system installation
• Equipment availability (i.e., delivery lead times)
• Equipment ingress into designated space
• Equipment maintainability

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 Operational Conditions
The operational conditions of the Garments Processing Unit are stated as:
• Temperature
(In Summers 48 ℃ ) (In Winters 24 ℃) Required Temperature 28 ℃ -30 ℃
• Air Quality Index → 172 US AQI
• Humidity →60%
• Number of Employees →500
• Number of Working Machines →138
• Area →300*180 or 54000 Sqft
• Compressed Air Consumption 0.01 Nm3/Kg for Material Processed

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 Operational Conditions

• Machine Installed Power → 48 KW

• Sound Emission by Dyeing Machine → 70 dB
• Process Efficiency → 88%
• Dyeing Machine Basket RPM → 10
• Dyeing Machine Bath Volume → 1600 m3

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 Acknowledgements
• Acknowledge your supervisor, colleagues, collaborators and the Lab staff for the
advice and support you received from them for your project.
• Put logos, if applicable, of the companies and institutes that provided you the
support.

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