FLUID MECHANICS

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BCE183075 SUBMITTED TO
BCE203004 ENGR. AMMAR AYUB
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BCE203009
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TOPIC
HYDRAULIC MODELING
What is hydraulic modelling

• Hydraulic modelling is a type of physical modelling used in hydraulic engineering to

analyse, design and operation difficulties.
The technologies used to measure, evaluate, and research the
water current, water amount, water pressure, and other items in water pipes, pipelines,
and rivers, among other things, are known as hydraulic analysis.
 Research paper 1
“Predicting future urban flood risk using land change and hydraulic modelling in a
river watershed in the central province of Vietnam”

• This study presents a method for assessing flood risk that integrates hydraulic
modelling, landcover change analysis and forecast, and socioeconomic changes.
There are five risk levels on the flood risk maps from 1995, 2019, and 2020.
(very low, low, moderate, high, and very high). Our initial premise was that
flood risk increased with growing population density in the flood zone and with
the transition from cropland to built-up region, but the final results were
unexpected.
Introduction
• Floods are a common and devastating natural calamity that has a severe influence on
millions of people's, economic development and lives around the world. Urban areas,
in particular are expected to be significantly affected by the effects of rising flood
severity and frequency as a result of population development and climate change. By
2030, over 40% of the world's cities will be in flood-prone zones, affecting around 54
million people.
1. Remote Sensing
A Process of measurement of information of some property, object or phenomena by recording
device. That is not in physical or intimate contact with object under study.

• Remote
Thing not in physical contact and is far away.

• Sensing:
Getting data, information or any input i.e. temperature, pressure etc.

Types of Remote Sensing

1. Satellite remote sensing:
Satellites revolving around earth and sending signals and by using cameras and sensors,
taking pictures of earth surface. And collects data and sends information of earth surface.
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
2. X-rays Remote Sensing:
X-rays and other medical imaging that includes egg, mi and ultrasound etc, all of these
use remote sensing phenomena and takes pictures of inner parts of a body. And collects
this data without being physical contact with them.

Discussion
Over the past few decades, with the development of science, the world has brought
many changes in the approach to minimize flood effects. Traditional methods of flood
control (i.e., structural measures such as dikes, embankments, etc.) are gradually being
replaced by more comprehensive flood risk management models. The advancement of
knowledge in recent decades, the world has seen various improvements in the
approach to minimizing flood consequences. Traditional flood control technologies
(such as dikes, embankments, and other structural measures) are gradually being
superseded with more comprehensive flood risk management models.
This study presents a method for assessing flood risk that integrates hydraulic modelling,
landcover change analysis and forecast, and socioeconomic changes. There are five risk
levels on the flood risk maps from 1995, 2019, and 2020. (Very low, low, moderate, high,
and very high). Our initial premise was that flood risk increased with growing population
density in the flood zone and with the transition from cropland to built-up region, but the
final results were unexpected.

Detail discussion
1. Study area and characteristic:
Quang Ngai province is located in Vietnam's central coastal region, with a total size of
5152.67km2 . In 2019, the population was estimated to be around 1.23 million, with a
density of 237persons per square kilometre. Because the Tar Khuu River basin in Quang
Ngai is so important to the province's economy, urbanisation is increasing fast. The
population grew from 1,218,600in 2010 to 1,231,697 in 2019, with the majority of the rise
occurring in flood-prone alluvial plains.
2. Data and method:
1. Flood hazard estimation:
i. .Establishing the 1-dimensional (1d) river network.
ii. Establishing the river network in the 2-dimensional (2d) hydraulic and flood model.
2. Indicators of Flood Exposure:
• Land Cover Mapping in 1995, 2019, and 2040

• Population Density
3. Indicators of Flood Vulnerability:
Conclusion:
This study takes a new approach at flood risk assessment by integrating hydraulic
modelling, population and land cover change analysis and prediction, and socioeconomic
changes to better anticipate flood risk in urban settings. A hazard map was created using
hydraulic modelling, which was then coupled with exposure and vulnerability data to create
a comprehensive flood risk map. Despite increases in property value and people density in
the flood plain, the risk offloading decreased; these changes were offset by a significant
reduction in poverty rates overtime.
 Research paper 2
“Linking hydraulic modelling with a machine learning approach for extreme flood
prediction and response ”
Introduction
Dam failure-related flooding can cause unpredictable damage to people and
property due to large-scale flood inflow, infiltration, dam piping, and insufficient
flood control capacity. Flooding causes property damage and human casualties all
over the world. It is critical to be able to provide accurate flood maps in order to
mitigate potential flood damage. Due to unforeseen flooding, 200,000 people were
evacuated from the village under the Oroville dam in Californian February 12,
2017. The collapse of the Patel dam in Kenya on May 9, 2018, claimed at least48
lives and left 2000 people homeless.
Discussion:
1 .Research methods:

I. (DAMBRK).
II. Random forest model .
2. Verification of study area.
3. Simulated results:
III. Flood map generation
4. Application of random forest. Flood map prediction. Flood hazard calculation
• To apply above technique to other watersheds, accurate data on the cross-sections of the
rivers are needed to perform the (DAMBRK) simulation. Sufficient topographic data is
also required to draw a blood map using a GIS program.

• Since it is necessary to accurately represent the flooding pattern in urban areas, detailed
information on the size and height of the buildings is also required. For flood risk
analysis, population data and other data that may affect flood response are also required.

• Depending on the new watershed, flood information and applied topographic data may
appear differently and meaningful forecasts should be calculated using the data
appropriately depending on the characteristics of the watershed. Each research area.
FLOOD MAP GENERATION
VERIFICATION OF STUDY AREA
Conclusion for second research paper:
In this study, flood
analysis was performed using one-way flood analysis simulation and random forest
model. To generate reliable flood data, the DAMBRK flood analysis model was
validated by comparison with the observed water surface elevation. The maximum
water surface elevation on the hand river, flood maps by dam level and flood risk by
district were predicted and analyzed according to the return time of the dam grade from
padnag. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows:
• using the DAMBRK model, the maximum water elevation of each section was calculated for
the four flow conditions.
• Using the DAMBRK model, the maximum water elevation of each section was calculated for
the four flow conditions.
• Information of four flood maps is fed into the random forest model for training. To show the
use of flood maps, data on loss of life, population and accessibility to hospitals and fire stations
were studied.
• A method has been proposed for prioritizing disaster response to major floods based on loss of
life.
References
• Nguyen, H. D., Fox, D., Dang, D. K., Pham, L. T., Viet Du, Q. V., Nguyen, T. H. T., & Petrisor, A.
I. (2021). Predicting future urban flood risk using land change and hydraulic modeling in a river
watershed in the central Province of Vietnam. Remote Sensing, 13(2), 262.
• Kim, H. I., & Han, K. Y. (2020). Linking Hydraulic Modeling with a Machine Learning Approach
for Extreme Flood Prediction and Response. Atmosphere, 11(9), 987.
• Marchand, M.; Buurman, J.; Pribadi, A.; Kurniawan, A. Damage and casualties modelling as part
of a vulnerability assessment for tsunami hazards: A case study from Aceh, Indonesia. J. Flood
Risk Manag. 2009, 2, 120–131.
• Korea National Committee on Large Dams (KNCOLD), KenyaPatelDamCollapse, Daejeon,
Korea,KNCOLD International Cooperation Committee, 2018, 05. Available online:
http://kncold.or.kr/ (accessed on 6 January 2020).
THANK YOU