Non-finite forms

of the verb
Non-finite forms of the verb

The Infinitive
The Gerund
The Participle
 Эти формы называются неличными, т.к. не
имеют категорий лица, числа и
наклонения, следовательно, не могут
выполнять синтаксической функции
сказуемого.
 Неличные формы глагола отличаются
двойственностью характера, совмещая в
себе именные и глагольные черты, причем,
имея общие глагольные свойства, с одной
стороны, с другой они обладают
различными чертами, свойственными
именными частями речи, что и определяет
их различные синтаксические функции.
The Infinitive

The Gerund

The Participle
 The Infinitive

 Неличная форма глагола, которая

только называет действие, не
указывая ни лица, ни числа, ни
наклонения.
 Признак – частица to (может в
некоторых случаях опускаться)
 Отрицательная форма – not to
The Functions
Признаки существительного:
служит в предложении
 подлежащим (To skate is pleasant)
 именной частью сказуемого (Your duty was to
inform me about it)
 частью составного глагольного сказуемого
(She began to translate the article)
 дополнением (I asked her to help me)
 определением (He expressed a desire to help
me)
 обстоятельством (I went to the station to see
off a friend)
Признаки глагола
 имеет прямое дополнение (I told him
to post the letter)
 может определяться наречием (I
asked him to speak slowly)
 имеет формы времени и залога
 Active Passive
Simple to ask to be asked

Progressive to be asking

Perfect to have asked to have been asked

Perfect to have been

Progressive asking
Translate the sentences into Russian

1. To become a spectator of one's own life is to escape

suffering of life.
2. He was too much excited to sit still and took her out
into the crowded street to walk.
3. Your eyes are tawny too. That colour would be very
difficult to capture.
4."To be a great painter, you work every day", he said.
5."It would be so silly to pretend you weren't divinely
handsome".
6. The great thing is to have good, strong parts.
7. There is every reason to believe that the child was
kidnapped.
8. I had to come down to see someone not far from here.
9. It was a pleasure even to see her.
10. To make things worse, there was a leak in the engine-
room.
11. Accommodation was very hard to get.
12. He couldn't think where he was. It was a cheap iron
bed and the mat­tress was hard to lie on, but to lie on it
was a relief after the discomfort of the boat.
13. We could go home and he could find another
miniaturist to paint the sort of picture he wanted for
his fiancee.
Reword the sentences according to examples.

Example: She is very weak now and she can't take her exams.
She is too weak now to take her exams.

1. Jane was very frightened. She couldn't even call.

2. The man is very cold. He cannot write any more.
3. He was very polite. He couldn't make any personal remarks
put loud.
4. The young writer was very tired. He could not finish his play.
5. She is very happy. She can't think of anything else.
6. We have gone very far. We can't return to the camp.
7. He has done very much. He can't give up his experiments.
8. The man is very wicked. He won't make you a good husband.
9. The painter is very proud of his work. He won't stand any
criticism.
 The Gerund

 Неличная форма глагола, которая

сочетает свойства глагола и
существительного, выражает процесс
 Признак – ing
 Функции герундия = функции
инфинитива
больше свойств сущ-го
 Spelling

+ ing к инфинитиву без to

 ! To skate – skat_ing
 ! To put – putting
To travel – travelling
 ! To lie - lying
The Functions
Признаки существительного:
служит в предложении
 подлежащим (Reading is her favourite occupation)
 именной частью сказуемого (Her greatest pleasure is
reading)
 частью составного глагольного сказуемого (He
finished reading the book)
 прямым дополнением (I remember reading it)
 предложным косвенным дополнением (I am fond of
reading)
 определением (I had a pleasure of reading about
your success)
 обстоятельством (After reading the letter I put it into
the drawer)
Признаки глагола
 имеет прямое дополнение (I
remember reading this book)
 может определяться наречием (he
likes reading aloud)
 имеет формы времени и залога
 Active Passive

Simple reading being read

Perfect having read having been read

 NB!
 В русском языке нет форм,
соответствующих формам герундия,
поэтому изолированно, вне
предложения, они не могут быть
переведены на русский язык
 Simple Active Gerund по своему
значению приближается к русскому
отглагольному существительному:
reading - чтение, smoking - курение,
waiting - ожидание
 The Participle

 неличная глагольная форма, которая

наряду со свойствами глагола имеет
свойства прилагательного и наречия

 - причастие
- деепричастие
The Participle
 Spelling

! To give – giv_ing
 ! To cut – cutting
To begin - beginning
To travel – travelling
 ! To tie - tying
The Functions

 Признаки прилагательного
служит в предложении
 - определением к существительному
Перед существительным (A broken cup lay on the
table. They looked at the flying plane)
После существительного ( I picked up the letter
lying on the floor)
Выполняет в предложении функцию
обстоятельства
 - времени (Arriving at the station I
phoned them)
 -причины (Knowing English well he
translated the article without a dictionary)
 - образа действия (He sat in the
armchair reading a newspaper.)
 - сопутствующих обстоятельств (She
was cleaning the room singing)
Признаки наречия

 служит в предложении
обстоятельством, определяющим
действие, выраженное сказуемым (He
sat at the table thinking)
Признаки глагола

 - имеет дополнение (Signing the letter

the manager asked the secretary to send
it off at once)
 - определяется наречием (Packing his
things quickly, he hurried to the station)
имеет формы времени и залога

Active Passive
Simple asking being asked

Progressive _______ asked

Perfect having asked having been asked