Probability & Statistics

Confidence Interval Estimation:

Large Sample
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

Practical problems very often lead to the estimation of

, the mean of a population of quantitative measurements.

 The average achievement of college students at a particular university

 The average strength of a new type of steel

 The average number of deaths per age category

 The average demand for a new cosmetics product

When the sample size n is large

the sample mean is the best point estimator for the population mean

Since its sampling distribution of the

sample mean is approximately normal, it a confidence interval
can be used to construct
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
the sample mean is the best point estimator for the
When the sample size n is large population mean

Since its sampling distribution of the sample mean is

approximately normal, it can be used to construct a confidence interval
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
Question No. 1 For a random sample of adult males,

average daily intake of dairy product was = grams per day

standard deviation of .

Use this information to construct.

(A) for the

mean daily intake of dairy products for men.

(B) for the

mean daily intake of dairy products for men.

(C) for the

mean daily intake of dairy products for men.

(D) for the

mean daily intake of dairy products for men.

(E) for the

mean daily intake of dairy products for men.

 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

𝒙 ∓ 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍=¿ 𝒔 = grams per day
day
√𝒏 𝒏=𝟓𝟎
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟓% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒.𝟗𝟓 ¿ 𝐒𝐄

= 𝟓% 𝛂/𝟐 ¿ 𝟐 .𝟓 % 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐 ¿ 𝒛 𝟐 .𝟓 % ¿ 𝟏.𝟗𝟔
𝟗𝟓% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍
𝟏.𝟗𝟔 (𝟒 . 𝟗𝟓)
𝟗.𝟕𝟎
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

Standard Normal curve

for determining

the Z value
needed for

95% confidence Interval

 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

Standard Normal curve

for determining

the Z value
needed for

99% confidence Interval

−𝟐.𝟓𝟖 𝟐.𝟓𝟖 𝒁
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

𝒙 ∓ 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍=¿ 𝒔 = grams per day
day
√𝒏 𝒏=𝟓𝟎
= 𝟒.𝟗𝟓 ¿ 𝐒𝐄

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟓% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟗% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍

= 𝟓% 𝛂/𝟐 ¿ 𝟐 .𝟓 % = 𝟏% 𝛂/𝟐 ¿ 𝟎 .𝟓 %
𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐 ¿ 𝒛 𝟐 .𝟓 % ¿ 𝟏.𝟗𝟔 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐 ¿ 𝒛 𝟎 .𝟓 % ¿ 𝟐.𝟓𝟖

𝟗𝟓% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝟗𝟗% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍

𝟏.𝟗𝟔 (𝟒 . 𝟗𝟓) 𝟐.𝟓𝟖 (𝟒 . 𝟗𝟓)
𝟗.𝟕𝟎 𝟏𝟐.𝟕𝟕
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

𝒙 ∓ 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍=¿ 𝒔 = grams per day
day
√𝒏 𝒏=𝟓𝟎
= 𝟒.𝟗𝟓 ¿ 𝐒𝐄

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟔% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟖% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍

= 𝛂/𝟐 = 𝛂/𝟐
𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐 ¿ ?? ? 𝒛 𝛂 /𝟐 ¿ ?? ?

𝟗𝟔% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝟗𝟖% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍

?? ? (𝟒 . 𝟗𝟓) ? ? ? (𝟒 . 𝟗𝟓)
?? ? ?? ?
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
Practice Problem No.1

Hybrid or EV? In an attempt to reduce their carbon footprint, many consumers are
purchasing hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or electric cars.

Consumer Reports ranks the Chevrolet Bolt first among electric cars, with an EPA
rating of

To test this claim, suppose that road tests were conducted and that.

the average miles between charges was 232 miles

with a standard deviation of 20.2 miles

(A) Construct a confidence interval for , the average time between battery
charges for the Chevrolet Bolt.

(B) Does the confidence interval in part a confirm the EPA’s claim of ? Why or why
not?
 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
Practice Problem No.2

A scientist is studying a species of polar bear, found in and around the Arctic Ocean.

A random sample of polar bears

produced an average weight of

with a standard deviation of 48 kilograms

(A) Construct a confidence interval for , the average weight of the polar bear
species.

(B) Construct a confidence interval for , the average weight of the polar bear
species.