Venturimeter

Presented by:- Suraag Madhusudhan

Manish K Gowda
Varun R
Anush Shetty

Dept. of Mech , Presented to :- Vasant Kumar Sir

Contents:

1. Definition of Venturimeter
2. Parts of a Venturimeter
3. Principle involved in it
4. Expression for rate of flow
5. Disadvantages of Venturimeter
Picture of a VENTURIMETER
Definition and different parts of a
venturimeter:
Venturimeter device used for
measuring the rate of flow of a fluid
flowing through a pipe

It consists of three parts:

(i) Converging part

(ii) Throat

(iii) Diverging part

Principle involved
• Venturimeter is based on the principle
of Bernoulli’s equation

(2) (1)
Some assumptions taken

• Bernoulli’s equation is applicable

only in case of an incompressible
fluid.

• The fluid flowing is incompressible

• The inner surfaces are frictionless
• The flow is steady and irrotational
DIAGRAM FOR VENTURIMETER

(1) (2)
Expression for rate of flow through a
venturimeter :
• Let’s consider a venturimeter fitted in a horizontal pipe
through which a fluid is flowing
• Let,
• D1= diameter at section (1)

• P1= pressure at section (1)

• v1 = velocity at section (1)

• a1 = area at section (1)

• Similarly,

• D2, P2, v2, a2 are the respective diameter, pressure, velocity,

area at section (2)
• Applying Burnoulli’s theorem in section (1) and (2)

• ( p1/Þg )+( v12/2g )+z1 = ( p2/Þg )+( v22/2g )+z2

• As the pipe is horizontal, hence z1=z2

• ( p1/Þg )+( v12/2g ) = ( p2/Þg )+( v22/2g )

• ( p1 - p2 )/Þg = (v22/2g) – (v12/2g)

• But, ( p1 – p2 )/Þg is the difference of pressure heads at
sections (1) and (2) and it is equal to h.
• i.e.

• ( p1 – p2 )/Þg = h

• Substituting the value of ( p1 – p2 )/Þg in the previous

equation , we get ,

h = (v22/2g) – (v12/2g) -----------(1)

• Now, applying continuity equation in section 1 and 2,

• a1v1 = a2v2

Or, v1 = ( a2v2/a1 )

Substituting this value of v1 in equation (1)

h = (v22/2g) – (a22v22/a122g)

= (v22/2g)[1- (a22/a12)]

= (v22/2g)[(a22-a12)/a12]

• v22 = (2gha12)/(a12 - a22)

• v2 = [a1/{a12 – a22}1/2][2gh]1/2

Therefore, Q = a2v2

• Q = [a1a2][2gh]1/2/[a12 – a22]1/2---------(2)

Q is the ideal discharge & less than real discharge Qact

• Qact = Cd a1a2(2gh)1/2/(a12 – a22)

• Where, Cd = Co-efficient of venturimeter and its value is

less than 1.

•
Value of “ h ” given by differential
manometer :
CASE I :

Differential manometer contains a liquid which is heavier

than the liquid flowing through the pipe. Let,

Sh = Specific gravity of the heavier liquid

S0 = Specific gravity of the liquid flowing through pipe

x = Difference of the heavier liquid column in U - tube

h = x [ (Sh/S0) – 1]
CASE II :

If the differential manometer contains a liquid which is

lighter than the liquid flowing through pipe then

h = x [1 - (Sl/S0) ]
where,
Sl = Specific gravity of lighter liquid in U –
tube
S0 = Specific gravity of fluid flowing through pipe
x = Difference of the lighter liquid columns in U -
tube
Inclined Venturimeter with Differential U-
tube manometer :

CASE III :

Inclined venturimeter having differential U-tube

manometer. Differential manometer contains
heavier liquid

h = {(p1/Þg}+z1} –
{(p2/Þg}+z2}

= x [ (Sh/S0) – 1]
• CASE IV:

• Inclined venturimeter in which differential

manometer contains a liquid lighter than the liquid
flowing through the pipe
h = {(p1/Þg}+z1} – {(p2/Þg}+z2}

• = x [1 - (Sl/S0) ]
Disadvantages of Venturimeter:

• Highly expensive
•Occupies considerable space
•Cannot be altered for measuring pressure
beyond a maximum velocity 
 
Thank
you