DEFINITION

All materials used in the classroom or in other teachig

situations to facilitate the understanding of the written or
spoken word are called AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
Audiovisual  aids  are  defined  as  any  device used  to  aid  in  the  communication  of  an  idea. From  this
 definition,  virtually  anything  can  be used  as  an  aid,  providing  it  successfully  com- municates the
idea or information for which it is designed.  In  this  chapter,  we  not  only  use  the term  “Audiovisual
 Aids”  but  “Instructional Aids,”   “Teaching   Aids,”   “Audio   Aids,”   and “Visual  Aids”  as  well.  An
 audiovisual  product is   any   audiovisual   (AV)   item   such   as   still photography,  motion  picture,
 audio  or  video tape, slide or filmstrip, that is prepared singly or in  combination  to  communicate
 information  or to  elicit  a  desired  audience  response.  Even though  early  aids,  such  as  maps  and
 drawings, are still in use, advances in the audiovisual field have opened up new methods of presenting
these aids,  such  as  videotapes  and  multimedia  equip- ment  which  allow  more  professional  and
 enter- taining  presentations  to  be  presented.  Most  of the  visual  aids  covered  in  this  chapter  can  be
grouped  into  the  following  categories—nonpro- jected  aids  and  projected  aids. NONPROJECTED
 AIDS Nonprojected  aids  are  those  that  do  not require the use of audiovisual equipment such as a
projector and screen. Included in this category are   charts, graphs,   maps,   illustrations, photographs,
 brochures,  and  handouts. Charts Charts   are   in   common   use   almost   every- where.  A  chart  is  a
 diagram  which  shows  rela- tionships.  An  example  of  a  chart  is  shown  in figure 7-2. The
organizational chart is one of the most  widely  used.  This  chart  shows  the  various branches  of  a
 particular  organization.  Air  and sea maps that are used for navigation purposes are also charts. 7-4
PURPOSES:
1. To facilitate perceptual and conceptual learning
2. To stimulate the interest and motivate the students
3. To help retention of learning and to memorise the content
4. To hold the attention and encourage active participation
5. To save time and energy
6. To cover a large group of students
7. To overcome language barrier for effective communication
8. To provide concrete, realistic and life likeness in teaching
and learning situation
9. To bring remote events of either space or time into the class
room
 AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

NON PROJECTED PROJECTED

GRAPHIC 3D AIDS
STILL
OHP
SLIDES
FILMSTRPS
REAL OBJECTS
CHARTS SPECIMENS
PICTURES
MOVIES
COMIC,CARTOONS MODELS 16 MM
DIAGRAMS PUPPETS 8 MM
MOCK UPS
CHALK BOARD DIORAMAS AUDIO
BULLETIN BOARD PICTURES RADIO
FLASH CARDS TAPE RECORDER
FLANNEL GRAPH CD ROM
POSTERS COMBINED
PAMPHLETS TELEVISION
VIDEO
PRINCIPLES IN THE USE OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
1. PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION
 Should suit the age, grade and characteristics of the learner
 Should have specific educational values being interesting and
motivating
 Should be true representative of real things
 Should help in realisation of desired learning objectives
2. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION
 To be made from available material
 Teachers sholud be trained to prepare
3. PREPARATION OF PHYSICAL CONTROL
Arranging and keeping aids safely and also to facilitate for
lending
4. PRINCIPLE OF PROPER PRESENTATION
Teachers should carefully visualise the use of teaching aids
before the actual presentation
Teaches should fully acquaint themselves with the use and
manipulation of the aids shown in the class room
Adequate care should be taken to handle an aid in such a
way that no damage is done to it
The aid should be displayed properly so that all the students
are able to see it,observe it,and derive maximum benefit out
of it
Distraction of all kinds should be eliminated
5.PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSE
The teacher should guide the student to respond actively
6.PRINCIPLE OF EVALUATION
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SELECTING AN AV
AID
1. Objective
2. Group
3. Ability of the Instructor to use the particular AV AID
4. Duration available for Instruction
5. Budget
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE LETTERING
1. Make it legible
Use size of letter according to the viewing distance
8’ ¼”
16’ ½”
32’ 1”
64’ 2”
Use capital letters for headlines
Use only standard styles and forms
2. Space well ;keep enough space between letters to keep
their own individuality
3. Technique – Formal –neat,visible,time consuming
Informal -easy